Origin and occurrence of crude oil in the Niger delta, Nigeria

Sonibare, Oluwadayo O.; Alimi, Hossein; Jarvie, Dan; Ehinola, Olugbenga A.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2008.05.002

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The early maturity of the source rocks for these oils from the Rio del Rey subbasin is consistent with that of the source rocks for the oils in parts of the Niger Delta (e.g. Akinlua et al, 2007;Sonibare et al, 2008), which are characterized by maturities < 1% R r . The maturity (0.7 % R r ) of the source rock sample from the Mamfe Basin supports the widespread occurrence of source rocks within the early oil window in southern Cameroon.…”

Section: Oil Maturitysupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The presence of mixed marine and terrigenous organic matter (Type II/III) is consistent with previous studies of the Douala Basin (Ackerman et al, 1993;Brownfield and Charpentier, 2006;Kenfack et al, 2012) and the Kribi-Campo subbasin (Ntamak Nida et al, 2008). Oils and source rocks from parts of the Niger Delta (Akinlua et al, 2007;Sonibare et al, 2008) plot within the area representing mixed organic matter, but closer to that assigned to terrigenous organic matter.…”

Section: Organic Matter Source and Depositional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Geochemistry of Seep and Produced Oil Samples From Southern Cameroon

Agyingi

Abanda

Fozao

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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Crude oil samples from surface seeps in the Douala Basin (southern Cameroon) and from producing fields in the nearby Rio del Rey and Kribi‐Campo sub‐basins were analysed for bulk and molecular geochemical parameters by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The aims of the study were to assess the composition of the oils, to evaluate the relationship between the seep oils and the oils from producing fields, and to highlight the significance of the data for oil exploration in the region. Chromatograms of the saturate fractions of the oils exhibit biodegradation ranging from very light (PM1 on the scale of Peters and Moldowan, 1993) in oil from the offshore Lokele field in the Rio del Rey sub‐basin, to severe (PM 6+) for seep oils from the Douala Basin. A plot of Pr/n‐C17 (1.3– 5.0) versus Ph/n‐C18 (0.8–2.6) for the samples further supports mild biodegradation in some samples (Lokele, Kole, Ebome), and demonstrates that the oils from the Lokele and Kole fields (Rio Del Rey sub‐basin) and from Ebome field (Kribi‐Campo sub‐basin) originated from mixed organic matter with a dominant marine contribution. The Pr/Ph ratio (1.8–2.3) for the Lokele, Kole and Ebome oil samples, and the V/(V+Ni) ratios (< 0.5) for the seep oils (Douala Basin) and the oils from the Lokele, Kole and Ebome fields, indicate derivation from source rocks deposited in oxic – dysoxic environments. The CPI (1.0–1.1) demonstrates that the Lokele and Ebome oils originated from mature source rocks, with the ratios of C31 22S/(S+R) (0.57 to 0.63) and C30‐βαH/C30‐αβH (0.18–0.23) for the Lokele, Kole and Moudi samples indicating early oil window maturity. Both V/(V+Ni) ratios (0.06–0.22) and δ13C (‐26.96 to ‐24.89 ‰) were used for correlation of the oils, with the seep oils from the Douala Basin showing the closest relationship to the oil from the Lokele field. The presence of mature Type II / III source rocks in different basins in southern Cameroon suggests significant potential for oil exploration in the region.

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Section: Oil Maturitysupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Organic Matter Source and Depositional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 71%

Geochemistry of Seep and Produced Oil Samples From Southern Cameroon

Agyingi

Abanda

Fozao

et al. 2019

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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“…The Niger Delta is one of the world's largest tertiary delta systems and is situated on the West African continental margin at the apex of the Gulf of Guinea (Doust, and Omatsola 1990). The Niger Delta basin covers an area of 75,000 km 2 (Sonibare et al 2008). It was formed during the continental breakup in the Cretaceous era, with the delta developing from Palaeocene.…”

Section: Location and Geology Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Akata Formation (Palaeocene to recent), the base of the delta, consists of thick shale deposited under marine conditions. The overlying Agbada Formation (Eocene to Recent) consists of inter-bedded shale and sandstones and is overlain by the Benin Formation (latest Eocene to Recent), which is composed of coastal plain sands (Sonibare et al, 2008).…”

Section: Location and Geology Of The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition zones analysis using empirical capillary pressure model from well logs and 3D seismic data on ‘Stephs’ field, onshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abiola

Obasuyi

2019

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Capillary pressure is an important characteristic that indicates the zones of interaction between two-phase fluids or fluid and rock occurring in the subsurface. The analysis of transition zones (TZs) using Goda (Sam) et al.'s empirical capillary pressure from well logs and 3D seismic data in 'Stephs' field, Niger Delta, was carried out to remove the effect of mobile water above the oil-water contact in reservoirs in the absence of core data/information. Two reservoirs (RES B and C) were utilized for this study with net thicknesses (NTG) ranging from 194.14 to 209.08 m. Petrophysical parameters computed from well logs indicate that the reservoirs' effective porosity ranges from 10 to 30% and the permeability ranges from 100 to > 1000 mD, which are important characteristics of good hydrocarbon bearing zone. Checkshot data were used to tie the well to the seismic section. Faults and horizons were mapped on the seismic section. Time structure maps were generated, and a velocity model was used to convert the time structure maps to its depth equivalent. A total of six faults were mapped, three of which are major growth faults (F1, F4 and F5) and cut across the study area. Reservoir properties were modelled using SIS and SGS. The capillary pressure log, curves and models generated were useful in identifying the impact of mobile water in the reservoir as they show the trend of saturating and interacting fluids. The volume of oil estimated from reservoirs B and C without taking TZ into consideration was 273 × 10 6 and 406 × 10 6 mmbbls, respectively, and was found to be higher than the volume of oil estimated from the two reservoirs while taking TZ into consideration which was 242 × 10 6 and 256 × 10 6 mmbbls, respectively. The results have indicated the presence of mobile water, which have further established that conventionally recoverable hydrocarbon (RHC) is usually overestimated; hence, TZ analysis has to be performed for enhancing RHC for cost-effective extraction and profit maximization.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…Each oil is characterized by a distinctive distribution of biomarkers as a kind of "fingerprint", which depends on the origin, depositional environment, age, maturity, relative length of migration and mineral composition of the source and reservoir rocks. 10,11 This feature of oil can be very useful in environmental chemistry for the determination of the source of pollution. Consequently, analyses of this type obtain a forensic character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of biological markers in determination of origin and type of organic matter in the Tisza river sediments

Štrbac

Gajica

Šajnović

et al. 2014

JSCS

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The objective of this study was to determine the origin and type of organic matter (OM) in recent sediments of the Tisza River, along a distance of 153 km through the territory of Serbia. For this purpose, group organic-geochemical parameters and biomarker compositions were used. All samples contained approximately same amount of OM, which was deposited under uniform, slightly reducing conditions. Based on the distribution of n-alkanes, the origin and type of OM could not be precisely estimated. However, the n-alkane patterns suggest the presence of immature singenetic organic matter of terrestrial origin. The distributions of terpanes and steranes and the values of the corresponding maturity parameters indicate that the Tisza River sediments, apart from immature singenetic organic matter, contain oil pollutants of anthropogenic origin. The identical compositions of these biomarkers in all samples confirmed that the recent sediments of the Tisza River, from Kanjiža Town to the confluence into the Danube River, contain the same type of oil pollutants. Based on the compositions of terpanes and steranes and the values of the biomarker parameters in Tisza sediments, it is supposed that the oil pollution generally could be related to heavy fuel oil from tankers, due to intense river transport and, to lower extent, to crude oils from the Elemir and Rusanda oil fields.

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Origin and occurrence of crude oil in the Niger delta, Nigeria

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Geochemistry of Seep and Produced Oil Samples From Southern Cameroon

Geochemistry of Seep and Produced Oil Samples From Southern Cameroon

Transition zones analysis using empirical capillary pressure model from well logs and 3D seismic data on ‘Stephs’ field, onshore, Niger Delta, Nigeria

The use of biological markers in determination of origin and type of organic matter in the Tisza river sediments

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