Origin and Outbreak of HIV-1 CRF55_01B Among MSM in Shenzhen, China

Zhao, Jin; Wen-de, Cai; Zheng, Chenli; Yang, Zhengrong; Xin, Ruolei; Li, Guilian; Wang, Xiaohui; Chen, Lin; Zhong, Ping; Zhang, Chiyu

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000144

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Recently, however, MSM is the risk group associated with the most rapid increases in HIV infections within China, and studies note HIV-1 strains of different subtypes and CRFs. [38][39][40][41][42] In cities in northern China CRF01_AE infection in MSM is more common than subtype B, 24,[43][44][45] with similar trends in Beijing, Fujian, Guizho, Guandong, Guanxi, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jianxi, Shanghai, and Yunnan. CRF07_BC has recently been identified in young MSM and in some cities exceeds the prevalence of CRF01_AE infection (unpublished data).…”

Section: Hiv-1 Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Epidemic in Asia: Implications for HIV Vaccine and Other Prevention Trials

Phanuphak

Shao³

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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An overall decrease of HIV prevalence is now observed in several key Asian countries due to effective prevention programs. The decrease in HIV prevalence and incidence may further improve with the scale-up of combination prevention interventions. The implementation of future prevention trials then faces important challenges. The opportunity to identify heterosexual populations at high risk such as female sex workers may rapidly wane. With unabating HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender (TG) populations, an effective vaccine would likely be the only option to turn the epidemic. It is more likely that efficacy trials will occur among MSM and TG because their higher HIV incidence permits smaller and less costly trials. The constantly evolving patterns of HIV-1 diversity in the region suggest close monitoring of the molecular HIV epidemic in potential target populations for HIV vaccine efficacy trials. CRF01_AE remains predominant in southeast Asian countries and MSM populations in China. This relatively steady pattern is conducive to regional efficacy trials, and as efficacy warrants, to regional licensure. While vaccines inducing nonneutralizing antibodies have promise against HIV acquisition, vaccines designed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses of greater breadth and depth in the mucosal compartments should be considered for testing in MSM and TG. The rationale and design of efficacy trials of combination prevention modalities such as HIV vaccine and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remain hypothetical, require high adherence to PrEP, are more costly, and present new regulatory challenges. The prioritization of prevention interventions should be driven by the HIV epidemic and decided by the country-specific health and regulatory authorities. Modeling the impact and cost-benefit may help this decision process.

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Section: Hiv-1 Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Epidemic in Asia: Implications for HIV Vaccine and Other Prevention Trials

Phanuphak

Shao³

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…3,4 Subsequently, the strain was identified in MSM residing in other cities, suggesting that it was spreading rapidly. 4 Shenzhen, locating in the southern coast of China and bordering Hong Kong, is the earliest open city. With a postmodern culture and humanistic environment, Shenzhen attracted a large number of young people from all over the country to work and live.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…4,5 In 2014, CRF55_01B become one of the popular strains in MSM in Shenzhen, together with CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and subtype B. 4 The prevalence of more than one subtype in the same population at the same time always predicts the emergence of novel mosaic strains. 6 In this study, we characterized a novel recombinant that originated from CRF55_01B and CRF07_BC, in which subtype B and C fragments were inserted into the CRF01_AE genome backbone.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Characterization of a Unique Recombinant Originating from CRF55_01B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC in Shenzhen, China

Gui

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Multiple subtypes were found to be epidemic in the Shenzhen men who have sex with men (MSM) population, which always predicts the emergence of a unique recombinant. In 2012, CRF55_01B was first reported, which later was proven to have originated in MSM in Shenzhen city. In this study, we reported a unique recombinant form (URF) of HIV-1 identified in a man who has had sex with men in Shenzhen city. The strain showed a genomic schematic map similar to CRF55_01B with subtype C segments inserted in the gag and pol genes. The full-length genome was amplified in two halves with 1-kb overlap regions. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. A recombination detection program showed that two subtype C fragments and two subtype B fragments were inserted into the CRF01_AE backbone genome in the gag and pol regions. In the phylogenetic tree, the subtype C fragments clustered with CRF07_BC variants and the other segments grouped with CRF55_01B strains except for one segment that clustered with CRF01_AE. Similar breakpoints between our strain and CRF65_cpx were also observed. The data suggested that the URF strain might be the recombinant form of CRF55_01B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC. This is the first report of a third generation of recombination of HIV-1 that originated from CRF55_01B in China. The identification of the URF indicated the severity of the HIV epidemic in Shenzhen MSM and the urgent need for epidemiological surveillance of the new recombination.

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“…Of them, CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and CRF55_01B led to a nation-wide prevalence. [8][9][10] Under the support of HIV/AIDS Asia Regional Program Yunnan Management Office and local government, 352 blood samples were collected from drug users who were at least 18 years old in detoxification centers in the Kokang Autonomous Region of Shan State (n D 252) and Mai Ja Yang region of Kachin State (n D 100) of Myanmar from November 2013 to November 2014 (Fig. 1A).…”

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confidence: 99%