Origin and significance of high nickel and chromium concentrations in Pliocene lignite of the Kosovo Basin, Serbia

Ruppert, Leslie F.; Finkelman, Robert B.; Boti, Emilija; Milosavljevic, M.M.; Tewalt, Susan J.; Simon, N.S.; Dulong, Frank T.

doi:10.1016/0166-5162(95)00031-3

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, the different leaching behaviour could also be due to the depositional settings of the original peat-forming environments. Cr 3+ leached out from weathered ultramafic bodies could reach lignite beds in aqueous form, as reported for Ni 2+ (Foscolos et al, 1989;Ruppert et al, 1996), and remain organically associated. The organic bonds enhance Cr volatilization during combustion, oxidation and precipitation of soluble chromates on fly ash.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Nickel was mostly found in oxide form in Canadian coal (Goodarzi et al, 2008), and Ni-bearing minerals (spinels and illites) are common in coalfields close to ultramafic bodies (Ruppert et al, 1996), whilst sulphide minerals containing Ni have been also reported (Finkelman, 1995). Whatever the association in coal, Ni seems to be distributed between the silicate fraction and the magnetic fraction of fly ash during combustion.…”

Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromium appears to occur in most bituminous coals as Cr 3+ in organic association and primarily as Cr 3+ in illite (Goodarzi et al, 2008;Huggins and Huffman, 2004;Huggins et al, 2000a;Ruppert et al, 1996), whereas there is little evidence for the presence of Cr 6+ (Huggins et al, 1999). The occurrence in illite gives rise to an aluminosilicate association (primarily in glass) in fly ash, remaining as Cr 3+ (Goodarzi et al, 2008;Spears, 2004;Spears and MartinezTarrazona, 2004).…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…very low pH values and reducing conditions. Some coal basins close to ultramafic bodies are known to be anomalously enriched in Cr 3+ , essentially in refractory and highly insoluble chromites and Cr-rich-spinel minerals (Foscolos et al, 1989;Izquierdo et al, 2011;Ruppert et al, 1996). Moreover, Cr 6+ in coal is easily reduced in flue gases by SO 2 , and thus the dominant speciation in ash is Cr 3+ (Huggins et al, 1999(Huggins et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Izquierdo

Querol

2012

International Journal of Coal Geology

632

379

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Coal-based power generation produces over 750 Mt of coal ash per year globally, but under 50% of world production is utilised. Large amounts of fly ash are either stored temporarily in stockpiles, disposed of in ash landfills or lagooned. Coal ash is viewed as a major potential source of release of many environmentally sensitive elements to the environment. This paper encompasses over 90 publications on coal fly ash and demonstrates that a large number of elements are tightly bound to fly ash and may not be easily released to the environment, regardless of the nature of the ash. This review provides an extensive look at the extent to which major and trace elements are leached from coal fly ash. It also gives an insight into the factors underlying the leachability of elements and addresses the causes of the mobility. The mode of occurrence of a given element in the parent coal was found to play an important role in the leaching behaviour of fly ash. The amount of calcium in fly ash exerts a dominant influence on the pH of the ash-water system. The mobility of most elements contained in ash is markedly pH sensitive. The alkalinity of fly ash attenuates the release of a large number of elements of concern such as Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn or Zn among others, but at the same time, it enhances the release of oxyanionic species such as As, B, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se, V and W. The precipitation of secondary phases such as ettringite may capture and bind several pollutants such ash As, B, Cr, Sb, Se and V.

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Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Izquierdo

Querol

2012

International Journal of Coal Geology

632

379

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“…Some of these metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic at sufficient concentrations and can cause serious human health hazards if they enter the food chain. Investigations have been made of the extent of heavy metal pollution of surface water, groundwater, soils, air and vegetation by mining and associated industrial activities, particularly thermal power plants and opencast coal mines (Allan 1988;Benvenuti et al 1997;Caruccio 1972;Coulthard et al 2003;Fang et al 2003;Gulec et al 2001;Hansen and Fisher 1980;Kabata-Pendias 1995;Klein et al 1975;Lee 1975;Liorens et al 2001;Mohanty et al 2001;Rupper et al 1996;Sahu 1998;Sen et al 1996;Swaine 1990). Metal pollution by mining and associated industrial activities is somewhat mitigated today by strict implementation of clean technology and environmental measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Surface Water Bodies and its Suitability for Irrigation around the Neyevli Lignite Mines and Associated Industrial Complex, Tamil Nadu, India

Khan

Israili

Ahmad³

et al. 2005

Mine Water Environ

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Opencast lignite mines, pit-head thermal power plants, and other associated industries in the Neyveli mining and industrial complex generate huge quantities of solid and liquid wastes that are contaminated with heavy metals. Some of these are toxic or carcinogenic at sufficient concentrations. Copper, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, and Hg concentrations in surface water in the study area are from 2 to 1200 times higher than average concentrations in river water worldwide. Heavy metal contamination in the natural reservoirs (Peria, Kolakudi, Walaza, and Perumal Ponds, and the Paravannar River) is mainly due to the discharge of untreated mine water, fly-ash pond water, and effluents from associated industries. These waters have long been used for bathing, washing, animal watering, etc. Untreated mine and industrial waste water, and natural reservoir water have been used by nearby villagers for irrigation for the last four decades, which may have led to deterioration of soils, surface water, and groundwater. Heavy metal analyses of mine water, fly-ash pond and industrial effluents and the natural reservoirs reveals that Co, Cr, and Hg are above the recommended irrigation water quality standards in 17%, 75%, and 100% of the samples, respectively. Most samples were within the permissible limits for Mn, Ni, and Fe, while Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu were within the limits in all samples. At elevated concentrations, toxic metals like Cr, Co, and Hg can accumulate in soils and enter the food chain, leading to serious health hazards and threatening the long-term sustainability of the local ecosystem.

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Geochemistry of the barkinite liptobiolith (Late Permian) from the Jinshan Mine, Anhui Province, China

Sun

Lin

Qin

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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This paper discusses the geochemistry and mineralogy of the barkinite liptobiolith of the Late Permian age from the Jinshan Mine, Guangde County, Anhui Province, China. Samples were examined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, ion-selective electrode, sequential chemical extraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray, and optical microscopy. The coal is a medium-ash and high-sulfur resource. Minerals in the coal are composed of kaolinite, pyrite, calcite, and quartz. Pyrite and calcite are derived from seawater during peat accumulation. Quartz in the coal is of authigenic origin. Part of the kaolinite is from a land-source region, and part occurs as cell-fillings and is of authigenic origin. The results also indicate that the barkinite liptobiolith contains some toxic elements in high concentrations. Elements including Li, Be, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ga, Se, Y, Zr, Mo, the rare earth elements (REEs), W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Th, and U in the coals are enriched in the barkinite liptobiolith. Results of sequential chemical extraction showed that Li, Sc, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, REEs, and Th in the coal mainly occur as silicates, while Be and W are related to organic matter. Pyrite is the dominant source of S, Mo, Hg, Tl, and Pb. Gallium only occurs in silicate, and U and V occur both in organic and silicate associations.

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Origin and significance of high nickel and chromium concentrations in Pliocene lignite of the Kosovo Basin, Serbia

Cited by 60 publications

References 2 publications

Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Leaching behaviour of elements from coal combustion fly ash: An overview

Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in Surface Water Bodies and its Suitability for Irrigation around the Neyevli Lignite Mines and Associated Industrial Complex, Tamil Nadu, India

Geochemistry of the barkinite liptobiolith (Late Permian) from the Jinshan Mine, Anhui Province, China

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