Origin of authigenic carbonates in sediment from the deep Bering Sea

Hein, James R.; O’Neil, James R.; Jones, Marjorie

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1979.tb00937.x

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The peak in IW Si (~1250 μM) qualitatively agrees with the decline in diatom preservation with depth (they are last observed in Core 350-U1437D-6R at 471 mbsf ), and the decrease of Si below the putative opal-A to opal-CT transition zone correlates with accelerated B uptake (Brumsack and Zuleger, 1992). Furthermore, downhole logging data indicate a temperature of ~50°C at the transition; coupled with an age of ~3.5 Ma, these conditions appear optimal for forming opal-CT (Hein et al, 1979). Alternatively, the Si maximum at intermediate depth could also be attributed to fluid influx, analogous to Li.…”

Section: Pore Fluid Analysissupporting

confidence: 64%

Expedition 350 summary

Tamura¹,

Busby²,

Blum³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

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International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Hole U1436A (proposed Site IBM-4GT) lies in the western part of the Izu fore-arc basin, ~60 km east of the arc-front volcano Aogashima, ~170 km west of the axis of the Izu-Bonin Trench, and 1.5 km west of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 792, at 1776 meters below sea level (mbsl). It was drilled as a 150 m deep geotechnical test hole for potential future deep drilling (5500 meters below seafloor [mbsf ]) at proposed Site IBM-4 using the D/V Chikyu. Core from Site U1436 yielded a rich record of Late Pleistocene explosive volcanism, including a distinctive black glassy mafic ash layer that may record a large-volume subaqueous eruption on the Izu arc front. Because of the importance of this discovery, Site U1436 was drilled in three additional holes (U1436B, U1436C, and U1436D), as part of a contingency operation, in an attempt to get better recovery on the black glassy mafic ash layer and its enclosing sediments and to better constrain its thickness.IODP Site U1437 is located in the Izu rear arc, ~330 km west of the axis of the Izu-Bonin Trench and ~90 km west of the arc-front volcanoes Myojinsho and Myojin Knoll, at 2117 mbsl. The primary scientific objective for Site U1437 was to characterize "the missing half of the subduction factory" because numerous ODP/Integrated Ocean Drilling Program sites had been drilled in the arc-front to fore-arc region (i.e., ODP Site 782A Leg 126), but this was the first site to be drilled in the rear-arc region of the Izu arc. A complete view of the arc system is needed to understand the formation of oceanic arc crust and its evolution into continental crust. Site U1437 on the rear arc had excellent core recovery in Holes U1437B and U1437D, and we succeeded in hanging the longest casing ever in the history of R/V JOIDES Resolution scientific drilling (1085.6 m) in Hole U1437E and cored to 1806.5 mbsf.The stratigraphy at Site U1437 was divided into seven lithostratigraphic units (I-VII) that were distinguished from each other based on the proportions and characteristics of tuffaceous mud/mudstone and interbedded tuff, lapilli-tuff, and tuff-breccia. The section is much more mud rich than expected, with ~60% tuffaceous mud for the section as a whole (89% in the uppermost 433 m) and high sedimentation rates of 100-260 m/My for the upper 1320 m (Units I-V). The proportion (40%) and grain size of volcaniclastics are much smaller than expected for an intra-arc basin, composed half of ash/tuff and half of lapilli-tuff of fine grain size (clasts <3 cm). These volcaniclastics were deposited by suspension settling through water and from density currents, in relatively distal settings. Volcanic blocks are only sparsely scattered through the lowermost 25% of the section (Units VI and VII, 1320-1806.5 mbsf ), which includes hyaloclastite, in situ quench-fragmented blocks, and a rhyolite peperite intrusion (i.e., proximal deposits). The transition from unconsolidated to lithified rocks occurred progressively; however, sediments were consider...

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Section: Pore Fluid Analysissupporting

confidence: 64%

Expedition 350 summary

Tamura¹,

Busby²,

Blum³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The peak in IW Si (~1250 µM) qualitatively agrees with the decline in diatom preservation with depth (they are last observed in Core 350-U1437D-6R at 471 mbsf), and the decrease of Si below the putative opal-A to opal-CT transition zone correlates with accelerated B uptake (Brumsack and Zuleger, 1992). Furthermore, downhole logging data indicate a temperature of ~50°C at the transition; coupled with an age of ~3.5 Ma, these conditions appear optimal for forming opal-CT (Hein et al, 1979). Alternatively, the Si maximum at intermediate depth could also be attributed to fluid influx, analogous to Li.…”

Section: Pore Fluid Analysissupporting

confidence: 65%

Untitled

Tamura¹,

Barker²,

Busby³

et al. 2014

International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report

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“…Some of the iron compounds are converted to ferrous iron, but they precipitate as iron sulphides rather than iron carbonates due to high S042-Concentration of initially trapped water. Hein et al (1979) proposed that Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn in authigenic carbonates in the deep cores in the Bering Sea were derived neither from biogenic calcite nor from initially trapped seawater but from the alteration of ash layers. Silicic tuff beds of a few to 50 cm thick are rather common in the Palaeogene coalfields.…”

Section: Calcium and Magnesium In Brackish-marine Calcite And Dolomitementioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and diagenetic evolution of Ca–Mg–Fe carbonates in some coalfields of Japan

1981

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Carbonate concretions, lenses and bands in the Pleistocene, Palaeogene and Upper Triassic coalfields of Japan consist of various carbonate minerals with varied chemical compositions. Authigenic carbonates in freshwater sediments are siderite > calcite > ankerite > dolomite B ferroan magnesite; in brackish water to marine sediments in the coal measures, calcite > dolomite > ankerite > siderite + ferroan magnesite; and in the overlying marine deposits, calcite > dolomite %-siderite.Most carbonates were formed progressively during burial within a range of depths between the sediment-water interface and approximately 3 km. The mineral species and the chemical composition of the carbonates are controlled primarily by the initial sedimentary facies of the host sediments and secondarily by the diagenetic evolution of pore water during burial. Based on the regular sequence and burial depth of precipitation of authigenic carbonates in a specific sedimentary facies, three diagenetic stages of carbonates are proposed. Carbonates formed during Stage I (< 500 m) strongly reflect the initial sedimentary facies, e.g. low Ca-Mg siderite in freshwater sediments which are initially rich in iron derived from lateritic soil on the nearby landmass, and Mg calcite and dolomite in brackish-marine sediments whose pore waters abound in Ca2+ and Mg*+ originating in seawater and calcareous shells. Carbonates formed during Stage I1 (500-2000 m) include high Ca-Mg siderite, ankerite, Fe dolomite and Fe-Mg calcite in freshwater sediments. The assemblage of Stage I t carbonates in brackish-marine sediments in the coal measures is similar to that in freshwater sediments. This suggests similar diagenetic environments owing to an effective migration and mixing of pore water due to the compaction of host sediments. Carbonates formed during Stage 111 (> 2000 m) are Fe calcite and extremely high Ca-Mg siderite; the latter is exclusively in marine mudstones. The supply of Ca is partly from the alteration of silicates in the sediments at elevated burial temperatures. After uplift, calcite with low Mg content precipitates from percolating groundwater and fills extensional cracks.bearing region is a small lininic basin in which a peaty-lignite bed 10-15 m thick is developed. . ' o P J Fig. 1. Location map with palaeogeography of the Palaeogene age (partly modified from Shimoyama Rr Iijima, 1976).

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Origin of authigenic carbonates in sediment from the deep Bering Sea

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Expedition 350 summary

Expedition 350 summary

Untitled

Origin and diagenetic evolution of Ca–Mg–Fe carbonates in some coalfields of Japan

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