Origin of deterioration in mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 composites by aqueous ethylene glycol solution

Hong, Jeong Hee; Dhevi, D. Manjula; Lee, Jong Soon; Kim, Kap Jin

doi:10.1002/pc.20351

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…PA materials have excellent thermal aging properties. However, as the requirements for materials in the commercial and industrial fields continue to increase, further improvement of the thermal aging properties of PA materials has become the focus of industry research 28‐30 . Compared with the material formulas, the processing method has a significant influence on its thermal and oxygen stability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of series explosion effects on the fiber length, fiber dispersion and structure properties in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66

Guo

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Nowadays, glass fiber (GF) reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) composites have attracted strong interests in commercial and engineering applications due to many advantages, such as corrosion resistance, high potential of integration, self‐lubricating, and high toughness. However, it is very difficult for traditional plastic molding equipment to concurrently obtain the increase of fiber retention length and the improvement of fiber dispersion during the PA66/GF composites manufacturing, which greatly limit the widespread application of such composites. An innovative twin eccentric rotor volume pulsating plasticizing transportation equipment (TERE) based on series explosion effects, is applied to prepare PA66/GF composites at different rotor speeds and fiber loadings. Inside the PA66/GF30 composite prepared by TERE, the fibers are evenly dispersed in polymer matrix and the average fiber length increases by 3.2 times when compared to that of twin‐screw plasticizing transportation equipment (TSE). The Charpy impact strength of PA66/GF composites prepared by TERE is nearly twice that of TSE at all fiber contents. The fatigue properties, thermal oxygen aging properties, and creep properties of the TERE composites exhibit better effects than the TSE composites, indicating that the TERE can ensure longer fiber length and better dispersion effect simultaneously.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of series explosion effects on the fiber length, fiber dispersion and structure properties in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66

Guo

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The absorption of water and ethylene glycol by PA66, is a well-documented phenomenon [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. The interactions between these molecules and the amide functions were confirmed with the FT-IR method [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In parallel, the kinetics of the diffusion process is often described with a Fick law [ 2 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Hydro-Glycol Ageing of Polyamide 6,6: Microstructure-Properties Relationships

Laügt

Bouvard

Robert³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The microstructural evolutions occurring during the thermo-hydro-glycol ageing of an injection molded PA66 were studied. They were correlated to the evolutions of its mechanical properties. The aged samples were immersed in an antifreeze fluid—mainly composed of water and ethylene glycol—at varying times and temperatures. The aim was to combine an as exhaustive as possible microstructural investigation and a rigorous mechanical analysis. Consequently, the microstructure of the aged and unaged PA66 was assessed through the average molar mass, the diameter of the spherulites, the lamellae thickness, the crystallite’s apparent size, a crystal perfection index, and a crystallinity index. Moreover, a core-skin approach was set up. The mechanical consequences of the microstructural changes were investigated by DMA and tensile testing. The local true strain fields were measured with a digital image correlation system. The temperatures and strain rates of the tests were chosen by referring to the time-temperature superposition principle. It is concluded that the water and ethylene glycol intake resulted in an intense plasticization, the loss of the molar mass resulted in the embrittling of the polymer, and finally, it was identified that the changes of the crystalline structure have an influence on the stiffness of PA66.

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“…5 Hong et al reported the deterioration of the mechanical properties of glass-reinforced nylon by ethylene glycol (EG), which were attributed to the disruption of intra-and intermolecular H-bonding between amide portions in nylon matrix and EG. 6,7 Hommez et al studied the glycolysis of nylon using EG and phosphoric acid as a catalyst at a higher temperature and reported linear oligomers of nylon with no cyclic byproducts. 8 Huczkowshi et al studied the kinetics of first order glycolysis using various catalysts such as sodium glycolate, zinc acetate, and poly(phosphoric acid).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organo‐sulfonic acid catalyzed degradation kinetics and thermodynamic studies of nylon‐6 by hydrothermal method

Khuntia

Gadgeel

Mestry

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Nylon-6 as an engineering polymer and its starting monomer are both costly. Chemical reutilization offers some economic and environmental benefits. Depolymerization of nylon-6 was carried out by the conventional technique of hydrothermal method using various organo-sulfonic acids such as Methane sulfonic acid (MSA), paratoluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA), benzene sulfonic acid (BSA), and tetra-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst. Various parameters such as temperature, time, normality of acids, and phase transfer catalyst concentration were varied to optimize its parameters, and characterization techniques such as amine value titrations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for quantitative measurements. Solid-state 13 C NMR was done for structure confirmation. A chemical kinetics interpretation shows degradation mechanism follows first-order kinetics under various catalysts. MSA has the highest reaction rate of 8.49 Â 10 À2 h À1 at 90 C; it decreases to 7.72 Â 10 À2 h À1 at 100 C. At the same time, aromatic Sulfonic acids such as p-TSA and BSA have a higher reaction rate of 8.995 Â 10 À2 h À1 and 5.582 Â 10 À2 h À1 , respectively. The activation energy was lowered as the acidity of organo-sulfonic acids increased as benzene sulfonic acid has the lowest E a. Followed by p-TSA, and MSA has the highest E a. Free energy shows a similar kind of value. A simple theoretical model was used to calculate the activation energy. Thermodynamic parameters such as heat of enthalpy and entropy of reaction were evaluated using the Eryig-Polanyi equation. The combined catalytic effect of organo-sulfonic acids and phase-transfer catalyst provides a better environment-friendly method for depolymerizing nylon-6.

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Origin of deterioration in mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6,6 composites by aqueous ethylene glycol solution

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of series explosion effects on the fiber length, fiber dispersion and structure properties in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66

Effect of series explosion effects on the fiber length, fiber dispersion and structure properties in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66

Thermo-Hydro-Glycol Ageing of Polyamide 6,6: Microstructure-Properties Relationships

Organo‐sulfonic acid catalyzed degradation kinetics and thermodynamic studies of nylon‐6 by hydrothermal method

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