Origin of enhanced dielectric and multiferroic properties in Pb-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

Reply to the ‘Comment on “Enhancing the output performance of hybrid nanogenerators based on Al-doped BaTiO3 composite films: a self-powered utility system for portable electronics”’, by A. Tkach and O. Okhay, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, D3TA01041D

“…Numerous reports in the literature have demonstrated tting intervals less than 1.3 eV between the Ti 4+ and Ti 3+ peaks, which is consistent with our ndings. [4][5][6][7] Additionally, the separation between the two main peaks, namely Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 , is approximately 5.6 eV, consistent with previous reports of XPS data for Ti 4+ . 8 The C 1s signal, resulting from the formation of adventitious carbon (AdC) layers on samples during air exposure, is widely utilized as the primary reference for the binding energy in XPS studies.…”

“…Numerous reports in the literature have demonstrated fitting intervals less than 1.3 eV between the Ti 4+ and Ti 3+ peaks, which is consistent with our findings. 4–7 Additionally, the separation between the two main peaks, namely Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 , is approximately 5.6 eV, consistent with previous reports of XPS data for Ti 4+ . 8…”

Stress‐induced multiferroic properties of lead‐free (1 − x)BTNO–(x)CFO nanocomposites

“…The goodness of fitting (χ 2 ) parameter lies in the range of 1-2, revealing the proper fitting of the XRD data. 30 The Rietveld refined patterns of the composite samples, as displayed in Figure 2B-D, provide confirmation that both phases, namely, tetragonal and cubic, have maintained their distinct characteristics. There is no evidence of an intermediate or impurity phase, validating the successful creation of biphasic multiferroic composite ceramics.…”

Structural and dielectric characterization of synthesized nano-BSTO/PVDF composites for smart sensor applications

“…Ferroelectric materials are characterized by their electric dipoles, the switching behavior of which can be controlled by external fields. As a result of this feature, these materials have found use in many different fields, most notably energy storage, 2 micro-electromechanical systems, sensors, 3 device applications, 4 supercapacitors, 5 actuators, and resistive switching.…”

“…These magnetic properties may include antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic. 5,6 The presence of both magnetic and ferroelectric phenomena in these materials is called multiferroicity, making them particularly attractive for magnetoelectric applications.…”