Origin of fasciation

Gorter, Christine J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_50

Cited by 18 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nevertheless, we have shown that the auxin levels in plants carrying leafy galls are much higher than those in control plants. This result explains the observed swelling of cells, the eects of R. fascians on vascular tissues (Aloni 1987), and the fasciation (Gorter 1965). Moreover, the observed induction of lateral root initiation can also be obtained by auxin treatment (Celenza et al 1995;Lakowski et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Rhodococcus fascians-plant interaction: morphological traits and biotechnological applications

Vereecke

Burssens

Simón‐Mateo

et al. 2000

Planta

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Rhodococcus fascians is a Gram-positive bacterium that infects dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, leading to an alteration in the normal growth process of the host. The disease results from the modulation of the plant hormone balances, and cytokinins are thought to play an important role in the induction of symptoms. Generally, on the aerial parts of the plants, existing meristems were found to be most sensitive to the action of R. fascians, but, depending on the infection procedure, differentiated tissues as well gave rise to shoots. Similarly, in roots not only actively dividing cells, but also cells with a high competence to divide were strongly affected by R. fascians. The observed symptoms, together with the determined hormone levels in infected plant tissue, suggest that auxins and molecules of bacterial origin are also involved in leafy gall formation. The complexity of symptom development is furthermore illustrated by the necessary and continuous presence of the bacteria for symptom persistence. Indeed, elimination of the bacteria from a leafy gall results in the further development of the multiple embryonic buds of which it consists. This interesting characteristic offers novel biotechnological applications: a leafy gall can be used for germplasm storage and for plant propagation. The presented procedure proves to be routinely applicable to a very wide range of plants, encompassing several recalcitrant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Rhodococcus fascians-plant interaction: morphological traits and biotechnological applications

Vereecke

Burssens

Simón‐Mateo

et al. 2000

Planta

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“…These fields might arise from the synthesis and transport of growth regulators, and one of the candidates is IAA. The application of auxins or IAA transport inhibitors alters leaf phyllotaxis and promotes stem fasciation (reviewed by Gorter, 1965). It is interesting that the apical regions of the rolC-expressing plants contain significantly lower concentrations of IAA (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histological examinations on the transverse sections of fasciated stems displayed a single fused ring of xylem (Fig. 4A), which revealed that a true fasciation had occurred, derived from a single apex, in contrast to a fasciation that it was derived from the fusion of several apices (Gorter, 1965). Furthermore, longitudinal sections of fasciated apices in the plane of the fasciations showed that a dramatically enlarged and flattened meristem was pro- duced, which initiated leaf primordia on its flanks (Fig.…”

Section: Phenotypic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC Gene in a Deciduous Forest Tree Alters Growth and Development and Leads to Stem Fasciation

et al. 1996

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We have altered the growth and development of a deciduous forest tree by transforming hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides) with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene expressed under the strong cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. We demonstrate that the genetically manipulated perennial plants, after a period of dormancy, maintain the induced phenotypical changes during the second growing period. Furthermore, massspectrometrical quantifications of the free and conjugated forms of indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins and severa1 gibberellins on one transgenic line correlate the induced developmental alterations such as stem fasciation to changes in plant hormone metabolism. We also show that the presence of the RolC protein increases the levels of the free cytokinins, but not by a process involving hydrolysis of the inactive cytokinin conjugates.Genetic engineering of annual plant species has proven to be a valuable technique both for commercial applications and to manipulate and to study the different aspects of plant biology. With the recent development of new transformation protocols, these techniques now can be extended to commercially and biologically interesting perennials such as fruit and forest trees to alter the quality and yield parameters and also to learn more about how growth and development are regulated in woody plants. However, although these techniques are available and the list of transgenic tree species is constantly growing (reviewed by Jouanin et al., 1993), there are still only a few reports available on the regeneration of phenotypically altered trees due to the controlled, ectopic expression of a heterologous gene (Weigel and Nilsson, 1995;Tuominen et al., 1995).We transformed hybrid aspen (Populus tremula X Populus tremuloides), a temperate-zone deciduous tree species, with a gene that has been demonstrated to drastically alter the

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“…The subject was known as teratology (the science of wonders or monsters) (reviewed in Heslop-Harrison 1952;Bos 1957;Binggeli 1990). The scientific knowledge on fasciation was reviewed by White (1948), Gorter (1965), Meyer (1966), Meyerowitz et al (1989), Binggeli (1990), and Clark et al (1993). Many authors, have interpreted fasciation as an excrescence or fusion of organs due to deviations from normal meristematic processes and to crowding of buds, while others proposed that the ''true fasciations'' were a transformation of a single growing point into a line (for a review and discussion, see Clark et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, morphology, and anatomy of fasciation in plants cultured in vivo and in vitro

Илиев

Kitin

2010

Plant Growth Regul

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Fasciation (or cristation) is a variation in the morphology of plants, characterized by the development of various widened and flattened organs. According to origin, fasciations are classified as physiological or genetic but comparatively little is known on their epigenetic or genetic nature at the molecular level. Physiological fasciations are caused by natural environmental factors or artificial treatments including exogenously applied growth regulators. CLAVATA genes (CLV1, CLV2, and CLV3) have been shown to be the main genetic factors associated with fasciation. Despite the great variety of fasciation-induction factors, fasciations have similar features of development during the first few weeks, i.e., increased mitotic activity and size of the apical meristem and an altered arrangement of cells in the meristematic zones, often leading to an increased number of organs and changes in the plastochron. The enhanced activity of apical meristem and cambium results in a significantly increased circumference of the stem and enlarged proportions of pith and cortical parenchyma, associated with a delayed differentiation of the vascular tissues. An elliptical or irregular shape of the cross section of a fasciated organ corresponds to a similar shape of the vascular cylinder. Later stages of the ontogenic development of fasciations are species-specific, may depend on the origin of fasciation, and in some cases may lead to deviations from the normal structure of the epidermis, shape of leaves, as well as altered development of axillary buds. Studying the causes and patterns of development of fasciations could provide a better understanding of the growth processes in the vegetative apex. Further anatomical and physiological research should focus on the structure and activity of meristems of fasciated shoots, as well as on their transcriptome analysis, in order to better understand the pattern of fasciation development.

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Origin of fasciation

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

The Rhodococcus fascians-plant interaction: morphological traits and biotechnological applications

The Rhodococcus fascians-plant interaction: morphological traits and biotechnological applications

Expression of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC Gene in a Deciduous Forest Tree Alters Growth and Development and Leads to Stem Fasciation

Origin, morphology, and anatomy of fasciation in plants cultured in vivo and in vitro

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