Origin of ferricretes in fluvial-marine deposits of the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

Tanner, Lawrence H.; Khalifa, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.07.004

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most of the sediments at Bahariya were sourced from the Neoproterozoic rocks to the south (Tanner & Khalifa, 2009). Enhanced continental weathering resulted in Bahariya developing layers of iron ore, ranging from 5 to 7 meters in thickness in some areas (Floegel & Hay, 2004;Meyer & Kump, 2008;Tanner & Khalifa, 2009;Baioumy & Boulis, 2012).…”

Section: Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced continental weathering resulted in Bahariya developing layers of iron ore, ranging from 5 to 7 meters in thickness in some areas (Floegel & Hay, 2004;Meyer & Kump, 2008;Tanner & Khalifa, 2009;Baioumy & Boulis, 2012). Unsurprisingly, ferricretes are also common at Bahariya (Tanner & Khalifa, 2009) and usually form in large numbers in swamps when the soluble iron in groundwater meets salt water (Widdowson, 2007).…”

Section: Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Reconstruction Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schweitzer et al (2003) and Tanner & Khalifa (2009) record that the mud and sandstones were rich in organic matter. The abundance of siderite is also evidence of an organic-rich environment (Tanner & Khalifa, 2009). Trees like Agathis sp are also productive in terms of biomass (Gee 2011) and studies by Hummel & Clauss (2011) suggest that the energy content of some ferns would have been only slightly lower than modern grasses.…”

Section: Ecological Reconstruction Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Towards the end of the Cenomanian, Bahariya actually became over-productive: the over-abundance of nutrients and the increased amount of iron being delivered into this ecosystem resulting in the eutrophication of the waters triggering algal blooms (Martin & Fitzwater, 1988;Frost, 1996;Boyd et al 2000;Tanner & Khalifa, 2009;El-Soughier et al 2011). While the exact effects vary depending on the taxa in question (Lyons et al 2014); in general such blooms initially boost productivity, but lead to a decline in species richness in the long term (Dolbeth et al 2003;Worm & Lotze, 2006;Lyons et al 2014).…”

Section: Ecological Reconstruction Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reconstruction of the palaeoecology and environmental dynamics of the Bahariya Formation of Egypt

Ijouiher¹

2016

Preprint

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The Bahariya formation is one of the most productive in Africa in terms of fossil material. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the flora & fauna and creates ecological reconstruction of this assemblage based on modern analogues. There is no evidence that most of the major vertebrate components of this biome were mangrove adapted taxa & most were commuters from the surrounding mainland. The high number of theropod species is overstated as niche partitioning between them lowers the predator/prey ratios; and is a result of this habitat developing from the broader North African ecosystems with its limited vegetation. The populations of most were also limited; further offsetting the predator/prey imbalance. The rarity of ornithopods can now be seen as a result of aridity and simplified forest structure. Crustaceans can be confirmed as forming a major trophic base, but new emphasis needs to be placed on gastropods as potential ecosystem engineers. Although some questions still remain concerning missing faunal elements and the difficulty in differentiate local population patterns from general population trends in this ecosystem as a whole; Bahariya’s reportedly substantial productivity, and later over-productivity, can now be confirmed.

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Section: Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lithostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Reconstruction Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Reconstruction Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecological Reconstruction Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A reconstruction of the palaeoecology and environmental dynamics of the Bahariya Formation of Egypt

Ijouiher¹

2016

Preprint

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Depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphic framework of the fluvio‐lacustrine Ash Shumaysi Formation, Jeddah‐Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia: Implications for climatic and tectonic changes in a local‐scale sub‐basin

Alqahtani,

Abdulfarraj,

Wanas

2023

The Depositional Record

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This study aims to interpret and document the depositional architecture styles and sequence stratigraphic framework of the Ash Shumaysi Formation in the Jeddah‐Makkah region, the west‐central part of Saudi Arabia and presents an example of rarely discussed, local‐scale sub‐basins (half grabens), and the relationships between synchronous sedimentary processes and pre, syn and post‐rift conditions. The described lithofacies and their facies associations indicate the presence of seven architectural depositional styles: proximal‐distal braided fluvial, meandering fluvial (point bar), crevasse splay, floodplain, estuarine and lacustrine. A proposed depositional model for the Ash Shumaysi Formation is drawn. The Ash Shumaysi Formation forms a 2nd order depositional sequence, which is organised into two 3rd order depositional sequences (sequence I and II) bounded by three sequence boundaries. Each 3rd‐order sequence encloses the low accommodation systems tract and high accommodation systems tract. The low accommodation systems tract represents the coarse‐grained, braided‐distal fluvial facies developed during low accommodation space associated with high sediment supply (high discharge). The high accommodation systems tract encloses the fine‐grained deposits of point bar, estuarine and lacustrine facies that reflect the creation of significant accommodation space and low sediment supply (low discharge). Vertical and lateral variations of the inferred depositional architectural styles, sequences and systems tracts reflect that tectonic forces and climate are the main controlling factors during deposition of the Ash Shumaysi Formation, although base‐level changes in response to sea‐level changes cannot be ruled out.

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Ferricretes in fluvial archives of a tropical iron province: Records of the Late Quaternary landscape dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Plateau

de Paula Barros,

de Oliveira,

Magalhães

et al. 2024

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The occurrence of iron‐rich rocks in some areas makes possible the formation of duricrusts in positions from the relief tops to the slopes and valley bottoms, as is the case of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF—‘Iron Quadrangle’) in the Brazilian Atlantic Plateau. This study aimed to analyse these materials in the Late Pleistocene fluvial archives of the QF to contribute to the understanding of the complex processes involved in the evolution of surface coverage in tropical regions. The results showed an essential external iron source for the Fe‐cemented alluvium, that is, they are ferricretes. Two ferricrete facies were identified: plate‐shaped and conglomeratic. They are characterised by the infilling of a primary porous system with crystalline and amorphous ferruginous phases or grain coatings by ferruginous materials. In plate‐shaped ferricretes, the size of the cemented grains differentiates the identified subtypes. Conglomeratic ferricretes can be subdivided into ferruginous and aluminous, and feature two types of cementing microstructures: septary and microlaminar. The results of the X‐ray diffraction analysis of the conglomeratic ferricretes highlight the strong presence of goethite (more common) and hematite. The chemical composition corroborated the mineralogical analysis, with the septa having an average iron‐rich composition. Aluminous conglomeratic ferricretes also occur and are the oldest in the area; their cement is composed mainly of gibbsite. Thus, it can be considered (i) a possible past source area of aluminous sediments or (ii) the in situ deferruginisation of a first level of ferricretes. A certain granulometric control in both ferricrete facies reinforces the importance of transport and deposition during ferricrete genesis. However, the cementing of sediments under supergene conditions and their microstructural variety suggest that their formation and evolution also occurred as a result of lateritic processes. Furthermore, the ferricretes revealed integration with the regional relief evolution, and the conglomeratic ones may be associated with lower rates of drainage incisions in some valleys.

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Origin of ferricretes in fluvial-marine deposits of the Lower Cenomanian Bahariya Formation, Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

A reconstruction of the palaeoecology and environmental dynamics of the Bahariya Formation of Egypt

A reconstruction of the palaeoecology and environmental dynamics of the Bahariya Formation of Egypt

Depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphic framework of the fluvio‐lacustrine Ash Shumaysi Formation, Jeddah‐Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia: Implications for climatic and tectonic changes in a local‐scale sub‐basin

Ferricretes in fluvial archives of a tropical iron province: Records of the Late Quaternary landscape dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Plateau

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