Origin of galactic cosmic rays

Abstract

Motivated by recent measurements of the major components of the cosmic radiation around 1 0 TeV/nucleon and above, we discuss the phenomenology of a model in which there are two distinct kinds of cosmic-ray accelerators in the Galaxy. A comparison of the spectra of hydrogen and helium up to 100 TeV per nucleon suggests that these two elements do not have the same spectrum of magnetic rigidity over this entire region and that these two dominant elements therefore receive rontriblitions from different sources. PACS number(s): 98.70.Sa

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) on the International Space Station: Part I – results from the test flight on the space shuttle

“…Helium rigidity spectrum measurements carried out over the past several decades (see [24] and references therein) have yielded insight into the origin of cosmic rays [26]. Since no di erence in the rigidity spectra of protons and helium has been detected the same sources and propagation histories were inferred for both species [27].…”

A framework for the computer-aided planning and optimisation of manufacturing processes for components with functional graded properties

“…The framework integrates several methods, tools and knowledge obtained by laboratory experiments in which the concept of functional gradation has been analysed. The planning process within the framework is continuously assisted by the three modules "Component Description", "Expert System" and "Modelling and Process Chain Optimisation" [1]. The CAD model of the component and the component properties provide the input information for the planning framework.…”

“…of the hardness, the functionality of the component can be considerably extended. Components with functionally graded properties provide a resource-conserving alternative for modern composite materials [1] and therefore offer high potential to achieve a sustainable production. However, the production of such components requires complex manufacturing process chains [1].…”

“…Components with functionally graded properties provide a resource-conserving alternative for modern composite materials [1] and therefore offer high potential to achieve a sustainable production. However, the production of such components requires complex manufacturing process chains [1]. For that purpose in the next section an exemplary manufacturing process chain will be used to demonstrate our approach.…”

“…This distribution is tailored with respect to the intended application of the component [1]. Application areas for the use of functionally graded components can be found e.g.…”