Origin of grain-coating chlorite by smectite transformation: an example from Miocene sandstones, North Sumatra back-arc basin, Indonesia

Humphreys, B.; Kemp, Simon J.; Lott, G.K.; Bermanto,; Dharmayanti, Dessy A.; Samsori, I.

doi:10.1180/claymin.1994.029.4.21

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Hillier (1994) has suggested that berthierine (and possibly odinite) may be low temperature precursors to chamosite. A smectitic precursor is favored by Hillier (1994) for Mg-chlorites, although Humphreys et al (1994) report an Fe-rich chlorite that possibly was derived from smectite. We believe that the Clearwater Formation and the diagenetic berthierine that it contains, provide a useful illustration of the environmental and chemical conditions that can initiate Fe-chlorite rim development, and answer at least some mineralogical questions about the nature of early Fe-chlorite precursors in many sandstones.…”

Section: Berthierine Genesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Berthierine from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada

Hornibrook

1996

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Berthierine occurs as pore-linings of well crystallized laths of variable thickness in oil-sands of the Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada. Berthierine crystallized early in diagenesis within portions of a deltaic/estuarine complex dominated by brackish to fresh water.Separates prepared using high gradient magnetic separation contain approximately equal amounts of monoclinic and orthohexagonal berthierine. Minor, but variable, quantities of inseparable, iron-rich impurities mainly consist of chamosite Ib and lib, and Fe-rich smectitic clays.Clearwater Formation berthierine has a range of chemical compositions that differ from those reported for most other berthierines. The SiO2 (27-35 wt%), Fe203 (5-8 wt%) and A1203 (16-18 wt%) contents for Clearwater Formation berthierine fall between values normally reported for berthierine and odinite. The average structural formula of five samples studied in detail is (Fe2+~.olAloszMgo.46Fe3+o28 Mn<0.m[70.43)(Si1.74A10.26)Os(OH)4, where [] represents vacancies in the octahedral sheet. The large number of vacancies in the octahedral sheet implies a di-trioctahedral character for this clay. Our results also suggest that a series of compositions can occur between ideal berthierine and odinite end-members.Berthierine has been preserved within the Clearwater Formation because temperatures during diagenesis did not exceed 70~ and perhaps also because hydrocarbon emplacement limited subsequent transformation of berthierine to other phases, such as chamosite. Intense, early diagenetic, microbial activity and/ or the strongly reducing environment created by later emplacement of hydrocarbons may be responsible for the Fe>/Fe 3+ ratio of the berthierine. Because of these conditions, this ratio may have changed since initial clay crystallization. The Clearwater Formation occurrence of grain-coating Fe-rich clays provides valuable insights into possible relationships between the Fe-serpentine minerals, odinite and berthierine, and supports an important role for these phases as precursors to the grain-coating and pore-lining Fechlorite (chamosite) that is so common in ancient sandstones, including many hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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Section: Berthierine Genesismentioning

confidence: 90%

Berthierine from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada

Hornibrook

1996

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Chlorite fringes form by precipitation from pore waters, by grain replacement and by the progressive transformation of eogenetic berthierine or S/C coatings (Moraes & De Ros 1990; Longstaffe et al . 1992; Ehrenberg 1993; Humphreys et al . 1994).…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution Of Mesogenetic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic rocks: implications for mass transfer in sedimentary basins

2000

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Summary The spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic sequences is controlled by a complex array of interrelated parameters that prevail during eodiagenesis, mesodiagenesis and telodiagenesis. The spatial distribution of near‐surface eogenetic alteration is controlled by depositional facies, climate, detrital composition and relative changes in sea‐level. The most important eogenetic alterations in continental sediments include silicate dissolution and the formation of kaolinite, smectite, calcrete and dolocrete. In marine and transitional sediments, eogenetic alterations include the precipitation of carbonate, opal, microquartz, Fe‐silicates (glaucony, berthierine and nontronite), sulphides and zeolite. The eogenetic evolution of marine and transitional sediments can probably be developed within a predictable sequence stratigraphic context. Mesodiagenesis is strongly influenced by the induced eogenetic alterations, as well as by temperature, pressure and the composition of basinal brines. The residence time of sedimentary sequences under certain burial conditions is of key importance in determining the timing, extent and patterns of diagenetic modifications induced. The most important mesogenetic alterations include feldspar albitization, illitization and chloritization of smectite and kaolinite, dickitization of kaolinite, chemical compaction as well as quartz and carbonate cementation. Various aspects of deep‐burial mesodiagenesis are still poorly understood, such as: (i) whether reactions are accomplished by active fluid flow or by diffusion; (ii) the pattern and extent of mass transfer between mudrocks and sandstones; (iii) the role of hydrocarbon emplacement on sandstone diagenesis; and (iv) the importance and origin of fluids involved in the formation of secondary inter‐ and intragranular porosity during mesodiagenesis. Uplift and incursion of meteoric waters induce telogenetic alterations that include kaolinitization and carbonate‐cement dissolution down to depths of tens to a few hundred metres below the surface.

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“…The chloritization of smectite requires a source of aluminum (e.g. Hillier, 1994;Humphreys et al 1994) and takes place at temperatures between 60-100°C (e.g. Worden and Morad, 2003).…”

Section: Authigenic Clay Coatings and Reservoir Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: Examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, UK

Stricker

Jones

Sathar

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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(2016) 'Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings : examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, UK, North Sea.', Marine and petroleum geology., 77 . pp. 198-215. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. cementation and has had little to no effect on porosity preservation. The formation of welldeveloped authigenic chlorite (>70% surface coating) and, to a lesser extent illite clay coats with burial had a positive effect on porosity preservation even though permeability was marginally reduced in the illite-rich sandstones. A schematic porosity and quartz cement evolution model has been developed which allows for pre-drill prediction of reservoir quality in the Heron Cluster and provide valuable insights for other complex high-pressure hightemperature reservoirs.

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Origin of grain-coating chlorite by smectite transformation: an example from Miocene sandstones, North Sumatra back-arc basin, Indonesia

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Berthierine from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada

Berthierine from the Lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada

Spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in siliciclastic rocks: implications for mass transfer in sedimentary basins

Exceptional reservoir quality in HPHT reservoir settings: Examples from the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, UK

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