Origin of isolated olivine grains in carbonaceous chondrites

Jacquet, Emmanuel; Piralla, Maxime; Kersaho, Pauline; Marrocchi, Yves

doi:10.1111/maps.13583

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…We attribute the broad diffraction peaks observed at 19° and 60° (2θ Cu Kα 1 ; Fig. 2) to the presence of fine-grained phyllosilicates (King et al 2019). Bulk chemical compositions obtained for two aliquots of Tarda showed drastically different results (Fig.…”

Section: -Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Around 4 kg were ultimately recovered, and initial petrographic and geochemical analyses suggest that Tarda corresponds to a type-2 ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite (Chennaoui Aoudjehane et al, 2021). More specifically, Tarda is characterized by a bulk oxygen isotopic composition (i) lying between those of CI and CY chondrites (Clayton & Mayeda 1984;King et al 2019;Chennaoui Aoudjehane et al, 2021) and (ii) similar to that estimated for Tagish Lake (Brown et al 2000). Here, we report a comprehensive description of the Tarda chondrite.…”

Section: Asteroids Are Characterized By Spectroscopically Distinct Features That In General Correspond To Distinct Mineralogical and Chemmentioning

confidence: 85%

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The Tarda Meteorite: A Window into the Formation of D-type Asteroids

Marrocchi

Avice

Barrat

2021

ApJL

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Dynamic models of solar system evolution suggest that D-type asteroids formed beyond Saturn's orbit and represent invaluable witnesses of the prevailing conditions in the outer solar system. Here, we report a comprehensive petrographic and isotopic characterization of the carbonaceous chondrite Tarda, a recent fall recovered in the Moroccan Sahara. We show that Tarda shares strong similarities with the D-type-derived chondrite Tagish Lake, implying that Tarda represents a rare sample of D-type asteroids. Both Tarda and Tagish Lake are characterized by the presence of rare 16 O-rich chondrules and chondrule fragments, high C/H ratios, and enrichments in deuterium, 15 N, and 13 C. By combining our results with literature data on carbonaceous chondrites related to C-type asteroids, we show that the outer solar system at that time was characterized by large-scale oxygen isotopic homogeneities in (i) the water-ice grains accreted by asteroids and (ii) the gas controlling the formation of FeO-poor chondrules. Conversely, the zone in which D-type asteroids accreted was significantly enriched in deuterium relative to the formation regions of C-type asteroids, features likely inherited from unprocessed, D-rich, molecular-cloud materials.

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Section: -Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Asteroids Are Characterized By Spectroscopically Distinct Features That In General Correspond To Distinct Mineralogical and Chemmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Tarda Meteorite: A Window into the Formation of D-type Asteroids

Marrocchi

Avice

Barrat

2021

ApJL

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“…8 displays palisadic crystal morphologies which have also been observed in porphyritic chondrules (e.g., Libourel and Portail 2018; Jacquet et al. 2021). However, the most important structural difference of the melt spherules compared to natural chondrules is the absence of glassy mesostasis, typical for natural porphyritic chondrules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…2020; Jacquet et al. 2021), which would also contribute to complete instead of partial melting. Whether half‐melted particles transformed with repeated melting to completely molten particles could not be determined in our experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of chondrule analogs aboard the International Space Station

Koch

Spahr

Tkalcec

et al. 2021

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Chondrules are thought to play a crucial role in planet formation, but the mechanisms leading to their formation are still a matter of unresolved discussion. So far, experiments designed to understand chondrule formation conditions have been carried out only under the influence of terrestrial gravity. In order to introduce more realistic conditions, we developed a chondrule formation experiment, which was carried out at long‐term microgravity aboard the International Space Station. In this experiment, freely levitating forsterite (Mg2SiO4) dust particles were exposed to electric arc discharges, thus simulating chondrule formation via nebular lightning. The arc discharges were able to melt single dust particles completely, which then crystallized with very high cooling rates of >105 K h−1. The crystals in the spherules show a crystallographic preferred orientation of the [010] axes perpendicular to the spherule surface, similar to the preferred orientation observed in some natural chondrules. This microstructure is probably the result of crystallization under microgravity conditions. Furthermore, the spherules interacted with the surrounding gas during crystallization. We show that this type of experiment is able to form spherules, which show some similarities with the morphology of chondrules despite very short heating pulses and high cooling rates.

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“…With increasing temperature and pressure, olivine undergoes a first phase transition into wadsleyite (orthorhombic, Imma at mantle transition zone conditions (1327 • C, 13-14 GPa; Katsura and Ito, 1989;Katsura et al, 2004) and a second transition into ringwoodite (cubic, F d3m) at greater depths (1400 • C, 17 GPa; Katsura and Ito, 1989;Katsura et al, 2004; see also Pearson et al, 2015, for a unique natural specimen). To date, rare olivines from ultra-deep settings have only been observed in association with retrograde metamorphosed majorite relics (Sautter et al, 1991) or as rare mineral inclusions in diamonds (Kurosawa et al, 1997;Matsyuk et al, 2004;Novella et al, 2015;Taylor et al, 2016;Jean et al, 2016). At lithospheric conditions, i.e., at temperatures below the 1027 • C (1300 K) isotherm, olivine is abun- 100) and (b) in three dimensions.…”

Section: Perfect Olivine and Natural Olivinementioning

confidence: 99%

Defects in olivine

Demouchy¹

2021

Eur. J. Mineral.

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Abstract. Olivine, a ferromagnesian orthosilicate, is the most abundant mineral in Earth's upper mantle and is stable down to the olivine–wadsleyite phase transition, which defines the 410 km depth mantle transition zone. Olivine also occurs in crustal environments in metamorphic and hydrothermal rocks and is expected to be the major mineral constituent of the Martian and Venusian mantles. The olivine atomic structure is also used in materials science to manufacture lithium batteries. Like any other crystalline solid, including minerals, olivine never occurs with a perfect crystalline structure: defects in various dimensions are ubiquitous, from point, line, and planar defects to three-dimensional (3-D) inclusions. In this contribution, I review the current state of the art of defects in olivine and several implications for key processes occurring in Earth's mantle. Intrinsic and extrinsic point defects are detailed, exemplifying the astonishing diversity of atomic impurities in mantle-derived olivine. Linear defects, one of the key defect types responsible for ductile deformation in crystalline solids, are examined in light of recent progress in 3-D transmission electron microscopy, which has revealed an important diversity of dislocation slip systems. I summarize the principal characteristics of interface defects in olivine: the free surface, grain and interface boundaries, and internal planar defects. As the least-studied defects to date, interface defects represent an important challenge for future studies and are the main application of numerical simulation methods in materials science. I provide an overview of melt, fluid, and mineral inclusions, which are widely studied in volcanology and igneous petrology. Special attention is given to new crystalline defects that act as deformation agents: disclinations (rotational defects) and the potential occurrence of disconnections in olivine, both of which are expected to occur along or near grain boundaries. Finally, I detail outstanding questions and research directions that will further our understanding of the crystalline specificities and paradoxes of olivine and olivine-rich rocks and ultimately their implications for the dynamics of Earth's upper mantle.

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Origin of isolated olivine grains in carbonaceous chondrites

Cited by 42 publications

References 81 publications

The Tarda Meteorite: A Window into the Formation of D-type Asteroids

The Tarda Meteorite: A Window into the Formation of D-type Asteroids

Formation of chondrule analogs aboard the International Space Station

Defects in olivine

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