Origin of problems encountered in rice bran oil processing

Kaimal, T. N. B.; Vali, Shaik Ramjan; Rao, B. Venkateswara; Chakrabarti, Pradosh Prasad; Penumarthy, Vijayalakshmi; Kale, Vijay; Rani, K. N. Prasanna; Rajamma, Ongole; Bhaskar, Potula Satya; Rao, Turaga Chandrasekhara

doi:10.1002/1438-9312(200204)104:4<203::aid-ejlt203>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 53 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Glycolipids (phosphoglycolipids) have been identified in RBO (26). These compounds are critical interfering impurities affecting the purification of oryzanol.…”

Section: Impurities Interfering With Extraction Of Oryzanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is recommended that glycolipids be kept to as low a content as possible in crude RBO. One approach is enzymatic pretreatment with Lipase G, which has a hydrolysis function similar to that of a phospholipase (26). This enzyme hydrolyzes glycerides, phospholipids, and glycolipids and reduces the phosphorus level to about 5 ppm (26).…”

Section: Impurities Interfering With Extraction Of Oryzanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that presently, physically refined RBO is the main form being marketed (26,41) and that no soapstock is produced from physical refining RBO as compared with chemical refining.…”

Section: Engineering Aspects Of Oryzanol Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Narayan

Barhate

Raghavarao

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Oryzanol is an important value-added co-product of the rice and rice bran-refining processes. The beneficial effects of oryzanol on human health have generated global interest in developing facile methods for its separation from rice bran oil soapstock, a by-product of the chemical refining of rice bran oil. In this article we discuss the isolation of oryzanol and the effect that impurities have on its extraction and purification. Presented are the principles behind the extraction (solid-liquid or liquid-liquid extraction, and other methods) of these unit operations covered in selected patents. Methods other than extraction such as crystallization or precipitation-based or a combination of these unit operations also are reviewed. The problems encountered and the ways to solve them during oryzanol extraction, such as prior processing and compositional variation in soapstock, resistance to mass transfer, moisture content and the presence of surface active components, which cause emulsion formation, are examined. Engineering inputs required for solving problems such as saponification, increasing mass transfer area, and drying methods are emphasized. Based on an analysis of existing processes, those having potential to work in large-scale extraction processes are presented.Rice is the second-largest cultivated crop produced worldwide with current annual world production being approximately 583 million metric tons (1). Rice bran is one of the valuable byproducts of the rice processing industry (2). In many instances, it is economically feasible to extract oil from rice bran and purify it by physical and chemical refining for either food or industrial use. Owing to several technical and nontechnical problems in oil refining, the actual annual production of rice bran oil (RBO) does not meet demand (3). The major difficulties in processing crude RBO for edible purposes are its high levels of FFA, waxes, gums, and pigments. Accordingly, most RBO is used in nonfood applications. Chemical refining of RBO produces soapstock by-product (RBOS). The typical soapstock from RBO contains ~65-70 wt% water, 20-22 wt% soap, 2-2.5 wt% glycerides (mainly TG), and 7-7.5 wt% unsaponified matter. The unsaponified fraction contains ~42% sterols, 24% higher fatty alcohols, 20% oryzanol (as ferulic acid esters), 10% hydrocarbons, and 2% unidentified compounds (4). Oryzanol represents ~15% (2% of 7.5 wt%) of the unsaponified matter. At present, the major use of the soapstock is the generation of soap for the toiletry and detergent industries. It could also be used for production of therapeutically active components such as oryzanol and tocopherols (5). In view of the amount of oryzanol present in RBOS, which is generated in large amounts, there is an opportunity for commercial production of oryzanol from this by-product.Chemically, oryzanol is a mixture of ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohols (phytosterols), i.e., ferulate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid) (6). The components of oryzanol were identified as ∆ 7 -stigmastenyl ferulate, ...

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“…Glycolipids (phosphoglycolipids) have been identified in RBO (26). These compounds are critical interfering impurities affecting the purification of oryzanol.…”

Section: Impurities Interfering With Extraction Of Oryzanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impurities Interfering With Extraction Of Oryzanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Narayan

Barhate

Raghavarao

2006

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Crude rice bran wax obtained from rice processing is brownish and is separated from the dewaxing step of bran oil refining process. It is commonly removed by dewaxing or winterization of crude rice bran oil and is considered as waste (Kaimal et al., 2002). The composition of rice bran wax is not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel postharvest intervention using rice bran wax edible coating for shelf‐life enhancement of Solanum lycopersicum fruit

Abhirami¹,

Modupalli

Natarajan

2020

J. Food Process. Preserv.

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The edible coating is considered as one of the most-effective and safer ways to prolong the shelf-stability of the horticultural crops. Utilization of rice bran wax (RBW) as a coating substrate can be an excellent shelf-life extension strategy by transforming secondary by-product from rice processing into a useful coating substrate. This research was an attempt to use RBW as an edible coating and its effects on the shelflife extension of Marutham CO3 variety tomatoes. Crude RBW refined in laboratoryscale was undergone for free fatty acid profile analysis and found that contains 18 health-beneficial free fatty acids. RBW was made into an emulsion with different concentrations used for coating the tomatoes. Physiological loss weight, lycopene content, TSS, firmness, respiration rate, SEM structure, and thickness of the coatings were analyzed and observed that 10% emulsion coated tomatoes had shown a shelflife of 27 days, compared to 18 days of the control samples. Practical applications The concept of edible coating is one of the current global research trends that involve in the formulation of primary packaging material for food products that can be ingested safely along with the food. It is a cost-effective and sustainable solution to reduce the environmental pollution caused by conventional polymer packaging solutions. Rice bran wax is a secondary by-product separated from the rice bran oil during refining. It has good applicability in the formation of lipid-based edible coatings, after refining and removal of crude resinous matter. It is a hydrophobic substance and avoids moisture loss from the product during storage. Due to its water repellency, it also avoids microbial infestation. It can be beneficially used for horticultural crops, owing to their low shelf life due to high moisture content and metabolic activity. The rice bran wax-based coating can also delay the ripening process by modifying the immediate environment of the product. This coating can be used for high valued horticultural produce that tends to ripen or shrivel sooner. It can also be used as an obstruction against enzymatic browning in cut fruits and vegetables and for minimally processed and packaged foods. Rice bran wax-based edible coating can be used for shelf-life extension of horticultural produce and also for milk (e.g., Cheese) and meat (e.g., Cut meat) products.

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“…The presence of PGL has been reported to be the root causing problem in processing RBO (Kaimal et al, 2002) and to ensure its complete elimination it may be desirable to use nonporous membranes for degumming which may offer other benefits including partial dewaxing and decolorizing of crude oils (Manjula & Subramanian, 2009).…”

Section: Processing Undiluted and Hexane-diluted Crude Oil Systems Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of phospholipid reverse micelles in nonaqueous systems in relation to their rejection during membrane processing

Manjula

Kobayashi

Subramanian

2011

Food Research International

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Origin of problems encountered in rice bran oil processing

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Extraction and purification of oryzanol from rice bran oil and rice bran oil soapstock

Novel postharvest intervention using rice bran wax edible coating for shelf‐life enhancement of Solanum lycopersicum fruit

Characterization of phospholipid reverse micelles in nonaqueous systems in relation to their rejection during membrane processing

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