Origin of the D peak in the Raman spectrum of microcrystalline graphite

Pócsik, I.; Hundhausen, Martin; Koós, M.; Ley, L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(98)00349-4

Cited by 357 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[55][56][57] The D peak dispersion at the edge is ∼50 cm -1 / eV, similar to the D peak inside graphite. 41,[58][59][60] That of the 2D and 2D′ peaks is ∼95 and ∼21 cm -1 /eV, respectively, as in refs 17 and 61. Figure 8A plots the spectra for different incident polarization.…”

Section: (D) or I(d)/i(g)supporting

confidence: 61%

Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges

et al. 2009

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Graphene edges are of particular interest since their orientation determines the electronic properties. Here we present a detailed Raman investigation of graphene flakes with edges oriented at different crystallographic directions. We also develop a real space theory for Raman scattering to analyze the general case of disordered edges. The position, width, and intensity of G and D peaks are studied as a function of the incident light polarization. The D-band is strongest for polarization parallel to the edge and minimum for perpendicular. Raman mapping shows that the D peak is localized in proximity of the edge. For ideal edges, the D peak is zero for zigzag orientation and large for armchair, allowing in principle the use of Raman spectroscopy as a sensitive tool for edge orientation. However, for real samples, the D to G ratio does not always show a significant dependence on edge orientation. Thus, even though edges can appear macroscopically smooth and oriented at well-defined angles, they are not necessarily microscopically ordered.

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Section: (D) or I(d)/i(g)supporting

confidence: 61%

Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges

et al. 2009

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“…It should be noted that, in these studies of the thermal evolution of natural CM, either a 514.5 nm (2.41 eV) or a 532 nm (2.33 eV) laser was used. Over the 244-1064 nm range of laser excitation, the G band position and intensity are practically independent of excitation wavelength, whereas the D band shows an apparent linear variation of its position (amounting to about 180 cm -1 in the measured range), and its intensity (Pocsik et al, 1998) strongly depends on the excitation wavelength. This phenomenon is attributed to a resonance enhancement effect of the D band (Pocsik et al, 1998).…”

Section: Application Of Raman Microspectroscopy To Carbonaceous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Over the 244-1064 nm range of laser excitation, the G band position and intensity are practically independent of excitation wavelength, whereas the D band shows an apparent linear variation of its position (amounting to about 180 cm -1 in the measured range), and its intensity (Pocsik et al, 1998) strongly depends on the excitation wavelength. This phenomenon is attributed to a resonance enhancement effect of the D band (Pocsik et al, 1998). Recently, Aoya et al (2010) showed that there is little to no difference in I D /I G and A D /A G ratios for the same CM sample acquired from either excitation with a 514.5 or 532 nm laser.…”

Section: Application Of Raman Microspectroscopy To Carbonaceous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Multiple Generations of Carbon in the Apex Chert and Implications for Preservation of Microfossils

2012

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While the Apex chert is one of the most well-studied Archean deposits on Earth, its formation history is still not fully understood. Here, we present Raman spectroscopic data collected on the carbonaceous material (CM) present within the matrix of the Apex chert. These data, collected within a paragenetic framework, reveal two different phases of CM deposited within separate phases of quartz matrix. These multiple generations of CM illustrate the difficulty of searching for signs of life in these rocks and, by extension, in other Archean sequences.

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“…If one looks to the D-band frequencies of different sp 2 materials [9][10][11][12][13], only graphitic materials have G' bands higher in frequency than graphene. As demonstrated by studies of multi-layer graphene [17], stacking causes the G' band of graphitic materials to become a multi-peak structure whose average position is upshifted compared to the G' peak of graphene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flat single-layer graphene with a small amount of defects displays a quite narrow D-band with a linewidth around 20 cm -1 which broadens for L D <5 nm [7]. Graphitic sp 2 carbon materials (graphite polyhedral crystal, graphite whiskers) can also display D-band linewidth around 20 cm -1 [9] while less ordered materials (CVD multi-walled nanotubes [10], turbostratic carbon [9], short stacked graphene patches [11], polycrystalline graphite [12] amorphous carbon [13]…) display a broad D band with linewidths ranging from 45 cm -1 to 100 cm -1 . The D band of a SWCNT sample is generally considered as the sum of two contributions: a first one related to SWCNT defects and a second one related to defective carbonaceous impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Crystalline Quality and the Purity of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition

et al. 2013

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It is frequently observed that as-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) contain defects. Controlling the defect density is a key issue for the control of nanotube properties. However, little is known about the influence of the growth conditions on the formation of nanotube defects. In addition, SWCNT samples frequently contain carbonaceous by-products which affect their ensemble properties. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used to characterize both features from the measurement of the defect-induced D band. However, the contribution of each carbonaceous species to the D band is usually not known making it difficult to separately extract the defect density and relative abundance of each. Here, we report on the correlated evolution of the D and G' bands of SWCNT samples with increasing growth temperature. In the general case, three to four Lorentzian components are required to fit them. Coupled with HRTEM characterization, the low frequency components of the D and G' can be attributed to the contribution of SWCNTs while high frequency components are associated with defective carbonaceous by-products. The nature of these defective by-products varies with the type of catalysts and with the growth conditions.

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Origin of the D peak in the Raman spectrum of microcrystalline graphite

Cited by 357 publications

References 8 publications

Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges

Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene Edges

Multiple Generations of Carbon in the Apex Chert and Implications for Preservation of Microfossils

Controlling the Crystalline Quality and the Purity of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition

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