Origin of the Eastern Mediterranean basin: a reevaluation

Garfunkel, Zvi

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.07.006

Cited by 248 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In this case, the upwelling of the mantle plume from the lower mantle or D" layer originates deep under the continental lithosphere, where the extensional regime facilitates the upwelling of the melt to shallower depths causing a high degree of partial melting. Accordingly, we propose the following model for the Mawat igneous complex: The Iranian Plate started to drift away from the Arabian Plate in the Late Permian [56][57][58] and the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust developed during the Early Triassic, forming the Mesopotamian subsidence in the east of Iraq [21]. During the Middle to Late Triassic further extension occurred in the northern and eastern part of the Arabian passive margin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and geodynamics of the Mawat mafic complex in the Zagros Suture zone, northeast Iraq

Azizi¹,

Hadi

Asahara

et al. 2013

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:The Iraqi Zagros Orogenic Belt includes two separate ophiolite belts, which extend along a northwest-southeast trend near the Iranian border. The outer belt shows ophiolite sequences and originated in the oceanic ridge or supra-subduction zone. The inner belt includes the Mawat complex, which is parallel to the outer belt and is separated by the Biston Avoraman block. The Mawat complex with zoning structures includes sedimentary rocks with mafic interbedded lava and tuff, and thick mafic and ultramafic rocks. This complex does not show a typical ophiolite sequences such as those in Penjween and Bulfat. The Mawat complex shows evidence of dynamic deformation during the Late Cretaceous. Geochemical data suggest that basic rocks have high MgO and are significantly depleted in LREE relative to HREE. In addition they show positive ε N values (+5 to+8) and low 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The occurrence of some OIB type rocks, high Mg basaltic rocks and some intermediate compositions between these two indicate the evolution of the Mawat complex from primary and depleted source mantle. The absence of a typical ophiolite sequence and the presence of good compatibility of the source magma with magma extracted from the mantle plume suggests that a mantle plume from the D layer is more consistent as the source of this complex than the oceanic ridge or supra-subduction zone settings. Based on our proposed model the Mawat basin represents an extensional basin formed during the Late Paleozoic to younger along the Arabian passive margin oriented parallel to the Neo-Tethys oceanic ridge or spreading center. The Mawat extensional basin formed without creation of new oceanic basement. During the extension, huge volumes of mafic lava were intruded into this basin. This basin was squeezed between the Arabian Plate and Biston Avoraman block during the Late Cretaceous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and geodynamics of the Mawat mafic complex in the Zagros Suture zone, northeast Iraq

Azizi¹,

Hadi

Asahara

et al. 2013

Open Geosciences

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“…In most other reconstructions subduction was instead northwards (e.g. Garfunkel 1998Garfunkel , 2004. The reconstructions of Robertson et al (1991Robertson et al ( , 1996Robertson et al ( , 2004, Dercourt et al (1993Dercourt et al ( , 1998Dercourt et al ( , 2000 and Ricou (1996) envisage the rifting of several microcontinents from Gondwana.…”

Section: Tectonic Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tectonic development of the Eastern Mediterranean region: an introduction

Robertson

Mountrakis

2006

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Abstract:The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the key regions for the understanding of fundamental tectonic processes, including continental rifting, passive margins, ophiolites, subduction, accretion, collision and post-collisional exhumation. It is also ideal for understanding the interaction of tectonic, sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic processes through time that eventually lead to the development of an orogenic belt. Below, we will outline some milestones in the development of tectonic-related research in the Eastern Mediterranean region. We will mention how studies of the Eastern Mediterranean contribute to our understanding of fundamental tectonic processes and indicate how papers in this volume contribute to this aim. Current and emerging research themes will be highlighted. We will also outline the main alternative tectonic reconstructions of the region (see Fig. 1), and mention which of these the different contributors favour. Tethyan nomenclature remains controversial and we will suggest an appropriate informal terminology for the various oceanic basins that existed. An entr6e to some of the key literature sources is also provided. Citations here are mainly to edited volumes, which provide access to this large subject area.Many of the papers in this book integrate and synthesize large amounts of geological information for extended periods of geological time. The papers are ordered in a general time sequence with a view to linking those that consider comparable tectonic setting and processes. The locations of the areas are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 also shows the main sutures, and Figure 3 illustrates the main neotectonic elements of the region.

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“…Recent geochemical and geochronological studies of Karpathos ophiolites (Koepke et al 2002) reveal striking similarities with the Lycian ophiolites of SW Turkey. These similarities between Karpathos and Lycian geology were also highlighted by Garfunkel (2004), after a paleogeographic reconstruction of the Eastern Mediterranean region. It must be also noted that Bernoulli et al (1974) recognized typical Lycian sequences in small Dodecanese islands northwest of Karpathos.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In southeastern Greece, the Dodecanese Islands expose geological units that are of importance in attempting to understand the complex Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of this area (Harbury & Hall 1988;Garfunkel 2004;Kokkalas & Doutsos 2004;Franz et al 2005). The present study focuses on Paleogene deep-water clastic sediments deposited by subaqueous gravity flows (turbidites) that outcrop on the Dodecanese island of Karpathos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%