Origin of the H genome in StH-genomic Elymus species based on the single-copy nuclear gene DMC1

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that the H haplome in Elymus could originate from different diploid Hordeum species, however, which diploid species best represent the parental species remains unanswered. The focus of this study seeks to pinpoint the origin of the H genome in Elymus. Allopolyploid Elymus species that contain the StH genome were analyzed together with diploid Hordeum species and a broad sample of diploid genera in the tribe Triticeae using DMC1 sequences. Both parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses well separated the American Hordeum species, except Hordeum brachyantherum subsp. californicum, from the H genome of polyploid Elymus species. The Elymus H-genomic sequences were formed into different groups. Our data suggested that the American Horedeum species, except H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum, are not the H-genomic donor to the Elymus species. Hordeum brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum was the progenitor species to Elymus virescens, Elymus confusus, Elymus lanceolatus, Elymus wawawaiensis, and Elymus caninus. Furthermore, North American H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum was a progenitor of the H genome to Elymus hystrix and Elymus cordilleranus. The H genomes in Elymus canadensis, Elymus sibiricus, and Elymus multisetus were highly differentiated from the H genome in Hordeum and other Elymus species. The H genome in both North American and Eurasian Elymus species was contributed by different Hordeum species.

Untangling Nucleotide Diversity and Evolution of the H Genome in Polyploid Hordeum and Elymus Species Based on the Single Copy of Nuclear Gene DMC1

“…Origin of H genome in StH -genome Elymus species based on single copy nuclear gene DMC1 has previously been discussed [30]. DMC1 sequence data also showed a reticulate relationship of American polyploid species and diploid Hordeum [35].…”

“…The single copy nuclear gene disrupted meiotic cDNA (DMC1) has been applied to phylogenetic analyses in Triticeae species. The DMC1 sequences used in this study were collected from previously published sources [21], [30]–[35].…”

“…The St haplome originated from the genus Pseudoroegneria [14]. It has been confirmed that the H haplomes in Elymus were contributed by different Hordeum diploids [24]–[30]. Phylogenetic analyses based on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, β-amylase, granule-bound starch synthase I [29] and disrupted meiotic cDNA (DMC) [30], suggested few potential Hordeum diploid species as H -genome donors to Elymus species.…”

Diversity within the genus Elymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) II: analyses of variation within 5S nrDNA restrict membership in the genus to species with StH genomes

“…alaskanus, E. caninus, E. hyperarticus, E. violaceus, and E. virescens as well as the presence of a chloroplast minisatellite and suggested that these genetic regions would be excellent candidates for "population structure" analysis. Although Sun and Zhang (2011) found that the H genomes in E. canadensis, E. sibiricus and E. multisetus were highly differentiated from the H genome in Hordeum and other Elymus species, they were not enough to discriminate the species.…”

Origin and Evolution of Allopolyploid Wheatgrass Elymus fibrosus (Schrenk) Tzvelev (Poaceae: Triticeae) Reveals the Effect of Its Origination on Genetic Diversity

“…Phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated multiple origins of the H and St haplome in the StH tetraploid species of Elymus [17–22] and reticulate evolution in the Elymus [17, 18, 20–22] . The studies on genetic diversity of E .…”