Origin of the neocortically monitored theta rhythm in the curarized rat

Gerbrandt, Lauren K.; Lawrence, Jack; Eckardt, Michael J.; Lloyd, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(78)90290-0

Cited by 67 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…CA1 and CA3) and the entorhinal cortex [14]. The lack of independent neocortical current sinks or sources during theta has been confirmed by field potential depth profiles [41]–[42]. In contrast, theta rhythms within CA1 show a gradual polarity change between stratum oriens and the hippocampal fissure, consistent with local generation of theta in this region [62]–[65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Selective Coupling between Theta Phase and Neocortical Fast Gamma Oscillations during REM-Sleep in Mice

Scheffzük

Kukushka²,

Vyssotski³

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

109

139

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BackgroundThe mammalian brain expresses a wide range of state-dependent network oscillations which vary in frequency and spatial extension. Such rhythms can entrain multiple neurons into coherent patterns of activity, consistent with a role in behaviour, cognition and memory formation. Recent evidence suggests that locally generated fast network oscillations can be systematically aligned to long-range slow oscillations. It is likely that such cross-frequency coupling supports specific tasks including behavioural choice and working memory.Principal FindingsWe analyzed temporal coupling between high-frequency oscillations and EEG theta activity (4–12 Hz) in recordings from mouse parietal neocortex. Theta was exclusively present during active wakefulness and REM-sleep. Fast oscillations occurred in two separate frequency bands: gamma (40–100 Hz) and fast gamma (120–160 Hz). Theta, gamma and fast gamma were more prominent during active wakefulness as compared to REM-sleep. Coupling between theta and the two types of fast oscillations, however, was more pronounced during REM-sleep. This state-dependent cross-frequency coupling was particularly strong for theta-fast gamma interaction which increased 9-fold during REM as compared to active wakefulness. Theta-gamma coupling increased only by 1.5-fold.SignificanceState-dependent cross-frequency-coupling provides a new functional characteristic of REM-sleep and establishes a unique property of neocortical fast gamma oscillations. Interactions between defined patterns of slow and fast network oscillations may serve selective functions in sleep-dependent information processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…While theta activity in the rodent parietal neocortex is volume-conducted from the hippocampus [10], [14], [41], [42], high-frequency oscillations are likely generated by local neocortical networks [11], [14], [30]–[32]. As a control for this assumption we analyzed data from CA1 which had been recorded together with parietal EEG (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Coupling between Theta Phase and Neocortical Fast Gamma Oscillations during REM-Sleep in Mice

Scheffzük

Kukushka²,

Vyssotski³

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

109

139

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“…In rats, hippocampal RSA spreads over other cortical regions outside the hippocampus (Gerbrandt et al, 1978). In our human recordings we also found some evidence for this, i.e., spectral values of the 1.5-3-Hz frequency band showed some specificity for REM sleep beyond the cortical desynchronization present during this sleep state in the temporo-lateral leads.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Rhythmic hippocampal slow oscillation characterizes REM sleep in humans

Bódizs¹,

Kántor

Szabó³

et al. 2001

Hippocampus

103

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Hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (RSA) is a well-known electrophysiological feature of exploratory behavior, spatial cognition, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in several mammalian species. Recently, RSA in humans during spatial navigation was reported, but systematic data regarding human REM sleep are lacking. Using mesio-temporal corticography with foramen ovale electrodes in epileptic patients, we report the presence of a 1.5-3-Hz synchronous rhythmic hippocampal oscillation seemingly specific to REM sleep. This oscillation is continuous during whole REM periods, is clearly observable by visual inspection, and appears in tonic and phasic REM sleep episodes equally. Quantitative analysis proved that this 1.5-3-Hz frequency band significantly differentiates REM sleep from waking and slow-wake sleep (SWS). No other frequency band proved to be significant or showed this high rhythmicity. Even in temporo-lateral surface recordings, although visually much less striking, the relative power of the 1.5-3-Hz frequency band differentiates REM sleep from other states with statistical significance. This could mean that the 1.5-3-Hz hippocampal RSA spreads over other cortical areas in humans as in other mammals. We suggest that this oscillation is the counterpart of the hippocampal theta of mammalian REM sleep, and that the 1.5-3-Hz delta EEG activity is a basic neurophysiological feature of human REM sleep.

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“…It has been demonstrated that the neocortical rhythm of rats is passively spread from the underlying hippocampus (Gerbrandt et al, 1978). rhythmicity of field potentials recorded in most cortical areas is thought to have a septo-hippocampal origin (Holsheimer and Feenstra, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Despite Similar Anxiolytic Potential, the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Receptor Antagonist SB-242084 [6-Chloro-5-methyl-1-[2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)-pyrid-5-yl Carbamoyl] Indoline] and Chlordiazepoxide Produced Differential Effects on Electroencephalogram Power Spectra

Kántor¹,

Jakus²,

Molnár³

et al. 2005

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Serious efforts have been made to develop anxiolytics with improved clinical utility and reduced side effects. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 2C receptor antagonists are potential anxiolytics; however, their effects on vigilance are not well characterized. To compare the effects of benzodiazepines and subtype-selective 5-HT 2C receptor antagonists on anxiety, vigilance, and electroencephalogram (EEG) power density, social interaction test and polygraphic recordings were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats after chlordiazepoxide (CDP; 4.0 mg/kg i.p.) and SB-242084 (6-chloro-5-methyl-1-[2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)-pyrid-5-yl carbamoyl] indoline) (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg i.p.) treatment. CDP and SB-242084 (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) had similar anxiolytic effects. Spectral analysis of EEG in wakefulness (W) and paradoxical sleep (PS) showed an opposite effect on activity (5-9 Hz); it decreased after CDP, whereas it increased after SB-242084 (even at 0.1 mg/kg). In addition, CDP significantly decreased slow-wave activity (0.5-4 Hz) in deep slow-wave sleep (SWS-2) and increased power at frequencies above 12 Hz mainly in W and PS. A markedly increased intermediate stage of sleep was also found after CDP treatment. At the highest dose, SB-242084 increased W and decreased SWS-2. In summary, low but potent anxiolytic doses of the subtype-selective 5-HT 2C receptor antagonist SB-242084 did not affect vigilance states but caused an increased activity in W, raising the possibility of a cognitive-enhancing effect of the drug. In contrast, acute CDP administration, based on spectral analysis of the EEG, produced a more superficial sleep along with a decreased activity.Efforts to improve the clinical utility and reduce the side effects of classic benzodiazepines have a long history (Haefely et al., 1992). Although the anxiolytic properties of these drugs are well established both clinically and experimentally (Argyropoulos and Nutt, 1999;File and Seth, 2003), the side effects like impaired short-term memory, vigilance, or psychomotor performance limit their clinical applicability (Kunsman et al., 1992;van Laar et al., 2001;Buffett-Jerrott and Stewart, 2002). On the other hand, these effects are often subtle when low doses are involved (Kunsman et al., 1992), and tolerance develops to the sedative and psychomotor effects with their continued use as anxiolytics (Lucki et al., 1986).Pharmacological characterization of the effects of the

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Origin of the neocortically monitored theta rhythm in the curarized rat

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

Selective Coupling between Theta Phase and Neocortical Fast Gamma Oscillations during REM-Sleep in Mice

Selective Coupling between Theta Phase and Neocortical Fast Gamma Oscillations during REM-Sleep in Mice

Rhythmic hippocampal slow oscillation characterizes REM sleep in humans

Despite Similar Anxiolytic Potential, the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Receptor Antagonist SB-242084 [6-Chloro-5-methyl-1-[2-(2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy)-pyrid-5-yl Carbamoyl] Indoline] and Chlordiazepoxide Produced Differential Effects on Electroencephalogram Power Spectra

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