Origin of the Qattara Depression, Egypt: Discussion and reply

Gindy, Amin R.; Albritton, Claude C.; Brooks, James E.; Issawi, Bahay; Swedan, Ahmed

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<1374:ootqde>2.3.co;2

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Erosional processes, such as deflation, contribute to the formation of the larger structural basins, as in the Qattara and Siwa Depressions, Egypt (Gindy, 1991), but are especially important in the genesis of smaller local or subregional-scale features. Both aeolian deflation and removal of material by solution during deep weathering have been proposed as erosional mechanisms, but, as the debate on small depressions in, for example, Texas and New Mexico (Reeves, 1966;Carlisle and Marrs, 1982;Osterkamp and Wood, 1987;Wood and Osterkamp, 1987) shows, there is a strong case for a polygenetic origin for many small pans.…”

Section: Origins and Development Of Pans And Playasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ponding may also occur in the linear depressions (straats) between longitudinal dunes, as in parts of the Kalahari (Mallick, Habgood and Skinner, 1981), between strandlines of palaeolakes, as in the Dautsa Ridge sequence of Lake Ngami (Shaw, 1985), or, by obstruction of ephemeral channels, the extension of dunes as cited with reference to western Australia (Gregory, 1914) and the Namib Sand Sea (Rust and Wieneke, 1974). Erosional processes, such as deflation, contribute to the formation of the larger structural basins, as in the Qattara and Siwa Depressions, Egypt (Gindy, 1991), but are especially important in the genesis of smaller local or subregional-scale features. Both aeolian deflation and removal of material by solution during deep weathering have been proposed as erosional mechanisms, but, as the debate on small depressions in, for example, Texas and New Mexico (Reeves, 1966;Carlisle and Marrs, 1982;Osterkamp and Wood, 1987;Wood and Osterkamp, 1987) shows, there is a strong case for a polygenetic origin for many small pans.…”

Section: Origins and Development Of Pans And Playasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pans, Playas and Salt Lakes

Shaw

Bryant

2011

Arid Zone Geomorphology

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Alluvial sandflat playa (Smith & Humphreys, 1989) Arid zone playas (Renaut, 1994) Bypass playas (Motts, 1972) Central playa (Christopherson, 1997) Claypan playa (Synder, 1962) Clay playa (Stoertz & Ericksen, 1975) * Clay-silt playa (Cooke et al., 1993) Closed basin playa (Rosen & Warren, 1990) Coarse-grained playa (Motts, 1972) Continental playa (Dutkiewicz & von der Borch, 1995) Crystal body playas (Motts, 1972) Desert dry playas (Bailey, 1904) Desert playa (Christopherson, 1997) Discharge playa (Thompson, 1929) Dry playa (Thompson, 1929) Evaporitic playas (De Deckker & Last, 1989) Feedyard playa (Lehman, 1972) Fine-grained playa (Motts, 1972) Ground-water discharge playa (Jacobsen et al., 1994) Gypsum playa (Boyd & Kreiler, 1986) *

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Section: Origins and Development Of Pans And Playasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Origins and Development Of Pans And Playasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pans, Playas and Salt Lakes

Shaw

Bryant

2011

Arid Zone Geomorphology

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“…Qattara Depression is considered the largest natural closed depression of the north western desert, Egypt, which covers a surface area of about 19,500 Km² [10,11] with triangular shape headed in Assuit Barrage and a base end at the Mediterranean Sea. From geological and geomorphologic view, Qattara Depression can be typed as a polygenetic depression returned back to the Middle and lower Miocene age [12,13].…”

Section: Geographical and Geologiacl Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological Impacts of Petroleum Exploration Activities in Ras Qattara Area, North Western Desert, Egypt.

Mahmoud¹,

El-Zohry

2022

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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The activity concentrations and the associated with hazard indices of primordial radioactive nuclides 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K in soil samples of different depths from petroleum well in Ras Qattara area north western desert, Egypt, were estimated using gamma-ray spectroscopy system using a closed end-coaxial Canberra N-type HPGe detector of vertical configuration, with 40% relative efficiency and 2.0 KeV energy resolution at 1.33 MeV photons of 60 Co. The average soil activities for 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K were 32.07±2.75, 14.04±3.35 and 297.44±14.05 Bq/kg, respectively. The average values of radium equivalent (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were 75.04 Bq/Kg, 35.70 nGyh -1 , 0.04 mSvyr -1 , 251.16 μSvyr -1 and 0.15×10 -3 respectively. Some other radiological hazard indices such as external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), and representative level index (Iᵧ), were estimated and compared with the world average values. The average values for all radiological hazard indices in the soil sample of the present study were lower than the limit average values recommended by UNSCEAR 2000.

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“…Other explanations include solution, mass-wasting followed by wind deflation [5], or the depression was originally excavated as a stream valley, subsequently modified by karstic activity, and was further deepened and extended by mass-wasting, deflation and fluviatile processes .It has been recently suggested that the depression is of a structural control origin [6]. Although most studies have noted the presence of an extensive sheet of sabkha that covers the floor of the Qattara Depression, a salt-weathering origin for the Qattara Depression had not been proposed.…”

Section: Area Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Potential Hazards Associated With Qattara Depression as a National Hydropower Project in Egypt

2018

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications

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The objective of this paper is to evaluate, assess and study the potential hazard associated with the proposed national hydropower project at Qattara Depression. To achieve this objective, the two elements of sustainable development of this vast area, water and power, were developed. The Old Delta lies in the Western Desert of Egypt. It begins from the west of Assiut aligning the western outskirts of El Minya and Al Faiyum and terminated by Qattara Depression in the northern portion. It is a natural depression that covers about 2% of Egypt area. The depression depth is about 134 m below the sea level. A Clean electric generation could be achieved from the net head of filling Qattara Depression. Qattara Depression has the super potentiality of generating clean hydropower during the filling period and also has a high potentiality after filling period. This hydropower can provide Egypt with future needs and could be exported to Eastern Nile countries. The hydropower generation from Qattara Depression does not need filling time, high cost building dam. Previously eleven sites comprising 76 core samples of Lower (sandstone) and Middle (limestone) Miocene age were collected from the northeastern tip of the Qattara Depression in the north of the Western Desert of Egypt. The majority of samples showed weak to very weak remnant magnetization with goethite, hematite and titan magnetite as the main magnetic carriers. However, with a careful, detailed thermal demagnetization, they yielded stable, probably primary, magnetization. The resulting overall mean direction corresponded to a palaeomagnetic which seems to agree with other known African Miocene poles. This result implies that the Qattara area has been stable at least since Early Miocene. The presence of goethite as the main magnetic carrier supports the assumption that weathering has been playing an important role in the development and shaping of the depression. The possible site hazards associated with this project could be evaluated from different points of view, in order to give an overview to this promising project. The Qattara Depression, as a national project in Egypt, can achieve some accomplishments such as ; defending the Nile River Delta and the Mediterranean countries from the sinking or inundation of the Sea Level Rise (SLR) and reduce the cost of protecting coastal shores , generate hydroelectric power between 1000 to 2000 MW (depending on the filling water rate ) from Qattara Depression (under the sea level by depth of -60 (MSL) in average, desalinating water in large quantities; providing new areas, particularly for the refugee in case of the sinking or inundating of some parts of the Delta, due to the (SLR); Supporting housing, fish farming, tourism, and agriculture.

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Origin of the Qattara Depression, Egypt: Discussion and reply

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Pans, Playas and Salt Lakes

Pans, Playas and Salt Lakes

Radiological Impacts of Petroleum Exploration Activities in Ras Qattara Area, North Western Desert, Egypt.

Evaluation of Potential Hazards Associated With Qattara Depression as a National Hydropower Project in Egypt

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