Origin of the Wunugetushan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopic compositions

Zhang, Fang-Fang; Wang, Yin‐Hong; Liu, Jiajun; Wang, Jianping; Chun-bo, Zhao; Song, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.12.018

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…They are significantly different from the country rocks, that is, the δ 34 S values of sulfides in the Xishadegai deposit are much higher than those of Archean gneiss in the study area (δ 34 S = −17.0‰ to −18.5‰ Nie & Bjorlykke, ). Collectively, our new results coincide with the data range for sulfides from magmatic–hydrothermal systems, such as porphyry–skarn and hydrothermal vein deposits (Cao et al, ; Gu et al, ; Ohmoto & Goldhaber, ;Zhang, Wang, et al, ; Zhang, Gu, Liu, et al, ), suggesting a magmatic sulphur source contributed to the Mo mineralization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Diagrams showing lead isotopic compositions of the Xishadegai deposit (based on Zartman & Doe, ). The lead isotopic data of typical deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) are from Gu et al (); Zhang et al (); Zhang, Wang, Liu, et al (); and Zhang et al () [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both the 207 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and the 208 Pb/ 204 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 204 Pb diagrams (Figure ), the Pb isotopic data at Xishadegai have lower ratio values than those of other porphyry deposits in the CAOB, such as the Lailisigaoer and Baishan Cu–Mo deposits in Xinjiang (Gu et al, ; Zhang et al, ), as well as the Wunugetushan and Gaogangshan Mo deposits in NE China (Zhang, Wang, et al, ; Zhang, Gu, Liu, et al, ). Lead isotopic compositions of sulfides plot in the field near the lower crust (Figure ), rather than mixing sources of the mantle and upper crust in typical porphyry deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of the Xishadegai Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and isotopic compositions

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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The Xishadegai Mo deposit is a medium‐sized deposit located in the northern margin of the North China Craton. The Mo mineralization is structurally controlled, and spatially and temporally related to the Xishadegai felsic intrusive rocks. Ore bodies mainly occur as quartz veins/veinlets in altered granitic rocks associated with potassic, phyllic, argillic, and fluorite alterations. The ore‐forming process can be divided into 3 stages: Stage I K‐feldspar‐quartz ± molybdenite, Stage II quartz‐pyrite‐molybdenite‐muscovite ± fluorite, and Stage III quartz‐fluorite ± muscovite. Four types of fluid inclusions were distinguished in smoky grey and dark grey quartz of the main‐ore stage (II), including two‐phase aqueous inclusions, CO2‐H2O inclusions, daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, and minor vapour aqueous inclusions. The fluid inclusions in smoky grey and dark grey quartz are homogenized at temperatures of 195–350 °C and 191–291 °C, respectively, with calculated salinities of 3.9–11.1% NaCleq and 31.5–33.0% NaCleq, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids belong to a H2O‐CO2‐NaCl system characterized by abundant CO2, moderate to high temperature, and low to high salinity. The δ18OH2O and δD values of ore‐stage quartz vary from −0.2‰ to 0.9‰ and from −120‰ to −104‰, respectively, indicating that the ore‐forming fluids were evolved from magmatic water and gradually mixed with significant amounts of meteoric water. Sulphur and lead isotopic compositions indicate that the ore materials were mainly derived from magmatic sources. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating on the mineralized porphyritic moyite yielded a weighted mean age of 235.1 ± 2.0 Ma, corresponding to the Triassic postcollisional setting following the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean between the Siberian Plate and the North China Craton. The εHf(t) values and TDM2 ages range from −15.0 to −12.8 and from 2.2 to 2.1 Ga, respectively, suggesting that the Xishadegai granite was mainly generated by melting of Paleoproterozoic crustal components. Collectively, evidence from geology, fluid inclusion, H‐O‐S‐Pb isotopes, and geochronology suggests that the Xishadegai deposit could be classified as a magmatic–hydrothermal vein Mo deposit. Phase separation (immiscibility and boiling) was the most likely mechanism for ore deposition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis of the Xishadegai Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and isotopic compositions

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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“…Intense hydrothermal activity was associated with these periods of magmatism, and resulted in various types of hydrothermal deposits, primarily including skarn Cu-polymetallic deposits (e.g., Sankuanggou and Xiaoduobaoshan), porphyry Cu-(Mo-Au) deposits (e.g., Duobaoshan and Tongshan), and epithermal Au deposits (e.g., Shangmachang, Beidagou, Sandaowanzi, Tianwangtaishan and Zhenguang) ( Figure 1c) [36,42,43], which constitute the northeastern segment of the Xing'an Cu-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn-Au belt, and is considered to be one of the most important areas in the Great Xing'an Range metallogenic province [39,44]. These deposits are located in a nearly NE-trending band along the HHSZ and its secondary NE-and NW-trending faults that are the main ore-controlling structures in this region (Figure 1c).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Geochemical and Fluid Inclusion Study of the Hongyan Cu-Polymetallic Deposit in the Eastern Hegenshan-Heihe Suture Zone, NE China: Implications for Petrogenesis, Tectonic Setting and Mineralization

Chen¹,

Lü²,

Chen³

2018

Preprint

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In order to study the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Permian A-type granites and their relationships with hydrothermal mineralization along the Hegenshan-Heihe suture zone (HHSZ) in northeastern China, we select the newly discovered Hongyan Cu-polymetallic deposit in the northeastern part of the HHSZ that develops three stages of mineralization associated with the Shanshenfu alkali-feldspar granite (SAFG). The zircon U-Pb dating and whole rock geochemistry suggest that the SAFG is a typical A-type granite formed in the Early Permian. The zircon Hf isotopes and trace elements suggest that the SAFG has high Ti-in-zircon temperature (721–990℃), high magmatic oxygen fugacity and largely positive εHf(t) (+6.0 to +9.9). Therefore, we propose that the SAFG was derived from the crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization of the charnockitized juvenile crust. The high oxygen fugacity favors the chalcophile elements (e.g., Cu, Au, Ag) of the source region enriched in the fluid phases after magmatic fractional crystallization, consequently facilitating subsequent hydrothermal mineralization, which is also consistent with the characteristics of ore-forming fluids that changed from the initial high temperature, high salinity, high fO2 and CO2-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids of stage I to CO2-poor, dilute, and cooling meteoric fluids of stage III. Combined with regional geological background, the Permian A2-type granites along the HHSZ can be formed in post-collisional slab break-off process. In subsequent exploration for hydrothermal deposits along the HHSZ, the Permian A-type granites with arc-related juvenile crustal source and high fO2 have great potential and need more attention.

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“…The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), bordered by the combined Tarim and North China cratons to the south and the Siberian Craton to the north, is a giant Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic collage on Earth (Figure a; Deng & Wang, ; Deng, Wang, Bagas, Carranza, & Lu, ; Deng, Wang, Li, & Santosh, ; Deng, Wang, Li, & Zhao, ; Jian et al, ; Pirajno, ; Pirajno & Santosh, ; Sengör, Natal'in, & Burtman, ; Wang, Xue, Liu, et al, ; Wang, Xue, Wang, et al, ; Wang, Xue, Zhang, et al, ; Wang, Zhang, et al, ; Wang, Zhao, et al, ; Wang, Xue, Gao, et al, ; Wang, Xue, Liu, & Zhang, ; Wang, Zhang, & Li, ; Wang, Zhang, & Liu, ; Wang, Zhang, Liu, & Que, ; Wang, Zhang, Liu, Xue, Li, et al, ; Wang, Zhang, Liu, Xue, & Zhang, ; Wilhem, Windley, & Stampfli, ; Windley, Alexeiev, Xiao, Kröner, & Badarch, ; Xiao & Santosh, ; Xiao, Windley, Hao, & Zhai, ; Yang & Santosh, , b, ; Zhang, Wang, Liu, & Wang, ; Zhang, Wang, Liu, Wang, et al, ; Zhang, Wang, Liu, & Wang, ). It is characterized by extensive juvenile crustal growth from Palaeozoic to Mesozoic (Zhang, Wang, & Liu, ; Zhang, Wang, Liu, Wang, et al, ; Zhang, Wang, & Liu, ). North‐east China, located in the south‐eastern segment of the CAOB, is one of the most important polymetallic belts in China (Figure b; Chen, Zhang, Wang, Pirajno, & Li, ; Nie et al, ; Zhai, Deng, & Li, ; Zhai, Yao, & Cai, ) and hosts many significant Cu, Mo, Fe, Pb–Zn, Au, and Ag deposits (Mao et al, ; Shao et al, ; Wang, Zhao, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Zhunsujihua porphyry Mo deposit in the Erenhot‐East Ujimqin metallogenic belt, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, and isotope systematics

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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The newly discovered Zhunsujihua porphyry Mo deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Great Hingan Range, north-east China. Molybdenum mineralization generally presents as veins or disseminations hosted in granitic intrusions, and multiple-stage hydrothermal activity has resulted in potassic, phyllic, and sericitic alteration. The mineralization process can be divided into four stages, that is, quartz-K-feldspar ± pyrite veinlets in stage I, quartz-molybdenite veinlets in stage II, quartz-polymetallic sulfide veinlets in stage III, and barren quartz-calcite veins in stage IV. Four types of fluid inclusions can be distinguished by petrography in hydrothermal quartz, including liquid-rich two-phase, vapour-rich two-phase, pure gaseous, and pure liquid inclusions, but quartz in stage I contains all types of fluid inclusions.The homogenization temperatures in quartz of stages I, II, III, and IV vary from 300°C to 520°C, 230°C to 410°C, 170°C to 260°C, and 136°C to 227°C, with salinities of 4.18-13.30 wt.% NaCl equiv., 2.07-11.10 wt.% NaCl equiv., 1.74-8.95 wt.% NaCl equiv., and 0.70-5.71 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. The ore-forming fluids in this deposit are characterized by high temperature and intermediate to low salinity belonging to an H 2 O-NaCl system. δ 18 O quartz values of quartz from stages I to IV range from +5.5‰ to +10.1‰, with the calculated δ 18 O fluid values ranging from -6.7‰ to +6.3‰, and the δD values of fluid inclusion waters in quartz ranging from -118‰ to -102‰. The δ 34 S values of pyrite and molybdenite from different ore stages range from 3.8‰ to 6.8‰ with an average of 5.1‰. Pyrite and molybdenite samples in the deposit have 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of 18.394 to 18.766, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of 15.580 to 15.694, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios of 38.309 to 38.942. All these observations reveal that the hydrothermal fluids of the Zhunsujihua porphyry Mo deposit have a dominantly magmatic signature with an input of meteoric water during the carbonate stage, and the ore-forming components (metal and sulfur) were sourced from a greater magmatic source and some upper crustal materials.

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Origin of the Wunugetushan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit, Inner Mongolia, NE China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopic compositions

Cited by 58 publications

References 85 publications

Genesis of the Xishadegai Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and isotopic compositions

Genesis of the Xishadegai Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and isotopic compositions

A Combined Geochemical and Fluid Inclusion Study of the Hongyan Cu-Polymetallic Deposit in the Eastern Hegenshan-Heihe Suture Zone, NE China: Implications for Petrogenesis, Tectonic Setting and Mineralization

Genesis of the Zhunsujihua porphyry Mo deposit in the Erenhot‐East Ujimqin metallogenic belt, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from geology, fluid inclusions, and isotope systematics

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