Origin of Transient and Sustained Responses in Ganglion Cells of the Retina

Awatramani, Gautam B.; Slaughter, Malcolm M.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-18-07087.2000

Cited by 210 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The average resting potential for seven transient ON bipolar cells was Ϫ62 Ϯ 2.5 mV, which is in agreement with previous studies (Awatramani and Slaughter, 2000;Euler and Masland, 2000). At this membrane potential, we assumed that the inactivation of the sodium channel was negligible (Fig.…”

Section: Sodium Currents Activate and Inactivate Over The Physiologicsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We extend the findings of Awatramani and Slaughter (2000) by demonstrating that light responses of transient ON bipolar cells were boosted by voltage-gated sodium currents. Sodium channels in transient bipolar cells enhanced the peak-tosustained response index, whereas the index of sustained bipolar cells was not affected by TTX, suggesting sodium channels selectively boosted the transient response component.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…These data demonstrate that over the range of resting membrane potentials of bipolar cells from Ϫ40 to Ϫ65 mV (Awatramani and Slaughter, 2000;Euler and Masland, 2000), a significant fraction (59 -98%) of sodium channels was not inactivated and was available to boost the bipolar cell membrane potential (Fig. 3f, hatched area).…”

Section: Sodium Currents Activate and Inactivate Over The Physiologicmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Sodium Channels in Transient Retinal Bipolar Cells Enhance Visual Responses in Ganglion Cells

Ichinose¹,

Shields²,

Lukasiewicz³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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Section: Sodium Currents Activate and Inactivate Over The Physiologicsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Sodium Currents Activate and Inactivate Over The Physiologicmentioning

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sodium Channels in Transient Retinal Bipolar Cells Enhance Visual Responses in Ganglion Cells

Ichinose¹,

Shields²,

Lukasiewicz³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…This finding was difficult to predict because photoreceptors that usually keep these cells in a hyperpolarized state (through a signinverting action mediated by mGluR6 receptors) are lost during RD. A negative resting potential in ON bipolar cells indicates that the mGluR6 receptor cascade is either downregulated (Strettoi and Pignatelli, 2000;Puthussery and Taylor, 2010) (but see Barhoum et al, 2008) or desensitized (Awatramani and Slaughter, 2000;Berntson et al, 2004). These data are also consistent with chemical labeling studies that suggest permanent closure of the mGluR6-gated cationic channel (Marc et al, 2003).…”

Section: Mechanisms Driving Autonomous Activitysupporting

confidence: 80%

An Intrinsic Neural Oscillator in the Degenerating Mouse Retina

Borowska¹,

Trenholm²,

Awatramani³

2011

J. Neurosci.

107

171

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The loss of photoreceptors during retinal degeneration (RD) is known to lead to an increase in basal activity in remnant neural networks. To identify the source of activity, we combined two-photon imaging with patch-clamp techniques to examine the physiological properties of morphologically identified retinal neurons in a mouse model of RD (rd1). Analysis of activity in rd1 ganglion cells revealed sustained oscillatory (ϳ10 Hz) synaptic activity in ϳ30% of all classes of cells. Oscillatory activity persisted after putative inputs from residual photoreceptor, rod bipolar cell, and inhibitory amacrine cell synapses were pharmacologically blocked, suggesting that presynaptic cone bipolar cells were intrinsically active. Examination of presynaptic rd1 ON and OFF bipolar cells indicated that they rested at relatively negative potentials (less than Ϫ50 mV). However, in approximately half the cone bipolar cells, low-amplitude membrane oscillation (ϳ5 mV, ϳ10 Hz) were apparent. Such oscillations were also observed in AII amacrine cells. Oscillations in ON cone bipolar and AII amacrine cells exhibited a weak apparent voltage dependence and were resistant to blockade of synaptic receptors, suggesting that, as in wild-type retina, they form an electrically coupled network. In addition, oscillations were insensitive to blockers of voltage-gated Ca 2ϩ channels (0.5 mM Cd 2ϩ and 0.5 mM Ni 2ϩ ), ruling out known mechanisms that underlie oscillatory behavior in bipolar cells. Together, these results indicate that an electrically coupled network of ON cone bipolar/AII amacrine cells constitutes an intrinsic oscillator in the rd1 retina that is likely to drive synaptic activity in downstream circuits.

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“…Two subtypes of ON bipolar cell have been described in the much studied salamander retina: transient and sustained (Awatramani and Slaughter, 2000). In response to a bright test flash, the transient cell responds with an initial depolarizing transient that peaks in ca.…”

Section: Relation Of Synaptic Release To the Underlying Light-evoked mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptic transmission at retinal ribbon synapses

Heidelberger

Thoreson

Witkovsky

2005

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

209

231

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The molecular organization of ribbon synapses in photoreceptors and ON bipolar cells is reviewed in relation to the process of neurotransmitter release. The interactions between ribbon synapseassociated proteins, synaptic vesicle fusion machinery and the voltage-gated calcium channels that gate transmitter release at ribbon synapses are discussed in relation to the process of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We describe structural and mechanistic specializations that permit the ON bipolar cell to release transmitter at a much higher rate than the photoreceptor does, under in vivo conditions. We also consider the modulation of exocytosis at photoreceptor synapses, with an emphasis on the regulation of calcium channels.

show abstract

Origin of Transient and Sustained Responses in Ganglion Cells of the Retina

Cited by 210 publications

References 59 publications

Sodium Channels in Transient Retinal Bipolar Cells Enhance Visual Responses in Ganglion Cells

Sodium Channels in Transient Retinal Bipolar Cells Enhance Visual Responses in Ganglion Cells

An Intrinsic Neural Oscillator in the Degenerating Mouse Retina

Synaptic transmission at retinal ribbon synapses

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