Origin, Splicing, and Expression of Rodent Amelogenin Exon 8

Bartlett, John D.; Ball, Robyn L.; Kawai, Tomoko; Tye, Coralee E.; Tsuchiya, Masahiro; Simmer, James P.

doi:10.1177/154405910608501004

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This is necessary as there are at least 15 alternative splice products in WT mice (Hu et al, 1997; Li et al, 2006; Bartlett et al, 2006). Western blots of TgCTRNCKO molars from male offspring indicated that all mouse lines expressed TgCTRNC amelogenin; an example is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amelogenin C-Terminus Is Required for Enamel Development

Pugach

Suggs

et al. 2009

J Dent Res

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The abundant amelogenin proteins are responsible for generating proper enamel thickness and structure, and most amelogenins include a conserved hydrophilic C-terminus. To evaluate the importance of the C-terminus, transgenic mice were generated that express an amelogenin lacking the C-terminal 13 amino acids (CTRNC). MicroCT analysis of TgCTRNC29 teeth (low transgene number) indicated molar enamel density was similar to wild-type, but TgCTRNC18 molar enamel (high transgene number) was deficient, indicating that extra transgene copies were associated with a more severe phenotype. When Amelogenin null (KO) and TgCTRNC transgenic mice were mated, density and volume of molar enamel from TgCTRNCKO offspring were not different from KO, indicating that neither TgCTRNC18 nor TgCTRNC29 rescued enamel physical characteristics. Because transgenic full-length amelogenin partially rescues both density and volume of KO molar enamel, it was concluded that the amelogenin C-terminus is essential for proper enamel density, volume and organization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amelogenin C-Terminus Is Required for Enamel Development

Pugach

Suggs

et al. 2009

J Dent Res

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“…The renamed exon 3 containing the start codon in X. tropicalis corresponded to the known exon 2 in amelogenin of other animals, and renamed exons 4, 6, 7 and 8 in X. tropicalis corresponded to known exons 3, 5, 6, and 7 in other animals. Hence, amelogenin mRNA in X. tropicalis consists of eight exons, although in many other animals it consists of seven exons, except for in mice where exons 8 and 9 which follow exon 7 contain stop codons 17,18) . So-callled exon 4 exists only in some mammals 19) , which also lacks in X. tropicalis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelogenin in Frog Species, Xenopus tropicalis: A Gene Evolutionary Approach

Ando

Inage

Oida

2013

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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The structure and function of the amelogenin gene on a tooth germs in the frog Xenopus tropicalis, were examined. Using PCR, we observed an intensive band of amelogenin in maxillas with teeth but not in the toothless mandibles, and in situ hybridization revealed the restricted expression of amelogenin only in secreting ameloblasts in a tooth germs. Sequence analyses indicated that two types of amelogenin mRNA were alternatively spliced and derived from a single gene. They are referred to here as amelogenin mRNA-A and -B. In unique 5'-UTR, mRNA-A has a long exon 1, which is much longer than the same exon in other animals' amelogenin, and both mRNA-A and -B possesses new exons, referred to here as exon 2a and 2b. The following protein coding region was divided into five exons, as in the case of another frog, Xenopus laevis, whose amelogenin sequence was closest to X. tropicalis, and the amelogenin of X. tropicalis may play a role in enamel formation, as in other animals. A pair of amelogenin mRNAs of X. tropicalis have the most primitive sequence among known mRNAs and, in particular, the extremely long exon 1, and the newly found exons 2a and 2b , may be key in exploring the archetype of amelogenin mRNA.

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“…It was believed that the translocation of the gDNA region containing exons 4 and 5 downstream of exon 7 has triggered the activation of a downstream sequence, resulting in the expression of exon 9 (Bartlett et al, 2006). Here, we show that the exon 9 sequence was recruited long before rodent differentiation, in a placental mammal ancestor, 176-104 Ma ago.…”

Section: Exonmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evolutionary Story of Mammalian-specific Amelogenin Exons 4, “4b”, 8, and 9

Sire

Huang

et al. 2011

J Dent Res

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Amelogenin gene organization varies from 6 exons (1,2,3,5,6,7) in amphibians and sauropsids to 10 in rodents. The additional exons are exons 4, 8, 9, and "4b", the latter being as yet unidentified in AMELX transcripts. To learn more about the evolutionary origin of these exons, we used an in silico approach to find them in 39 tetrapod genomes. AMEL organization with 6 exons was the ancestral condition. Exon 4 was created in an ancestral therian (marsupials + placentals), then exon 9 in an ancestral placental, and finally exons "4b" and 8 in rodents, after divergence of the squirrel lineage. These exons were either inactivated in some lineages or remained functional: Exon 4 is functional from artiodactyls onward; exon 9 is known, to date, only in rodents, but could be coding in various mammals; and exon "4b" was probably coding in some rodents. We performed PCR of cDNA isolated from mouse and human tooth buds to identify the presence of these transcripts. A sequence analogous to exon "4b", and to exon 9, could not be amplified from the respective tooth cDNA, indicating that even though sequences similar to these exons are present, they are not transcribed in these species.

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Origin, Splicing, and Expression of Rodent Amelogenin Exon 8

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

The Amelogenin C-Terminus Is Required for Enamel Development

The Amelogenin C-Terminus Is Required for Enamel Development

Amelogenin in Frog Species, Xenopus tropicalis: A Gene Evolutionary Approach

Evolutionary Story of Mammalian-specific Amelogenin Exons 4, “4b”, 8, and 9

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