"Original Antigenic Sin" in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Followed by Infection

Castillo-Aleman, Yandy M; Villegas-Valverde, Carlos A; Ventura-Carmenate, Yendry; Suarez-Formigo, Gisela M; Bencomo-Hernandez, Antonio A

doi:10.7759/cureus.32548

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are multiple potential factors from certain medical conditions through to occupational exposure, racial, genetic, frailty functional status factors, and healthy vaccinee bias [204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215]. A combined score based on genetic and clinical risk gave enhanced prediction of severe COVID-19 infection [215].…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination upon non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) in the population of England: Effects of age, sex, COVID-19 variant, vaccination history, and time in a real-world study from Jan-21 to May-23

Jones,

Ponomarenko

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All vaccines exhibit specific and nonspecific effects. Specific effects are shown by the efficacy against the target pathogen, while nonspecific effects can be detected by the change in all-cause mortality. The real-world non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) data for the population of England between January 2021 and May 2023 was assessed. All vaccines administered were based on the original Wuhan antigen. Each gender and age group, along with COVID-19 variant shows its own unique NCACM vaccination benefit/disbenefit time profile. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19 disease/death per se is undisputed, however, the nonspecific outcomes of COVID–19 vaccination is far more nuanced than have been widely appreciated. This confirms an earlier study on the unanticipated nonspecific effects of influenza vaccination against all-cause winter mortality. Interestingly, a high proportion of NCACM beneficial effects occurred during the first 21 days following COVID-19 vaccination, while the worst example of increased NCACM occurred during the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination in 19–40-year-olds for the interval &gt;21 days post vaccination which led to NCACM 3- to 10-times higher than in the unvaccinated. By the time of the Omicron variant, NCACM outcomes in those aged 90+ are mostly adverse. The beneficial nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination increase with age and reach their maximum effect during the second week post vaccination for age groups below 50 years, rising to during the third week for those aged 70+. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms by which COVID-19 vaccination could induce wider nonspecific effects. Most of these mechanisms seem to depend on gene regulation by noncoding RNAs which also interact with mRNAs. We suggest that further international studies are required to discern the nonspecific NCACM effects of the different COVID-19 variants other than the three variants prevalent in the UK, and different types/manufacturer of COVID-19 vaccines which have been employed around the world. We can only speculate regarding the nonspecific effects of the COVID-19 vaccines administered to persons with an asymptomatic infection, and during vaccine waning. Vaccines not only need to be effective against the target pathogen, as primarily determined by antibody production, but need to minimize any unanticipated adverse nonspecific effects against all-cause mortality.

show abstract

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination upon non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) in the population of England: Effects of age, sex, COVID-19 variant, vaccination history, and time in a real-world study from Jan-21 to May-23

Jones,

Ponomarenko

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the "original antigenic sin" effects have been predicted against new variants of SARS-CoV-2 [23], limited evidence are available regarding its impact on the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. Castillo-Aleman et al [189] report a case of a 39-year-old male who complained about pruritus and discomfort around the injection site of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines administrated 18, 17, and 13 months earlier. Those symptoms resembled the side effects previously experienced with one of the booster doses, and a sole erythematous papule was also documented.…”

Section: Original Antigenic Sinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 one or two days after noticing these local signs and symptoms, and high serum titers of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were found five weeks after the onset, along with SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Therefore, the OAS might be a plausible phenomenon to consider in individuals immunized with inactivated vaccines and exposed secondarily to a wild virus with antigenic variations [189].…”

Section: Original Antigenic Sinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System

Jones¹,

Ponomarenko²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All vaccines exhibit both specific and non-specific effects. The specific effects are measured by the efficacy against the target pathogen, while the non-specific effects can be detected by the change in all-cause mortality . All-cause mortality data (gender, age band, vaccination history, month of death) between January 2021 and May 2022 was compiled by the Office for National Statistics. COVID–19 vaccination gave good protection on many occasions but less so for younger ages. Each gender and age group shows its own unique vaccination benefit/disbenefit time profile. Individuals are free to make vaccination decisions. For example, women aged 18-39 show a cohort who do not progress beyond the first or second dose. The all-cause mortality outcomes for the Omicron variant showed a very poor response to vaccination with 70% of sex/age/vaccination stage/month combinations increasing all-cause mortality, probably due to unfavorable antigenic distance between the first-generation vaccines and this variant, and additional non-specific effects. The all-cause mortality outcomes of COVID–19 vaccination is far more nuanced than have been widely appreciated, and virus vector appear better than the mRNA vaccines in this specific respect. The latter are seemingly more likely to increase all-cause mortality especially in younger age groups. An extensive discussion/literature review is included to provide potential explanations for the observed unexpected vaccine effects.

show abstract

"Original Antigenic Sin" in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Followed by Infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

The nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination upon non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) in the population of England: Effects of age, sex, COVID-19 variant, vaccination history, and time in a real-world study from Jan-21 to May-23

The nonspecific effects of COVID-19 vaccination upon non-COVID-19 all-cause mortality (NCACM) in the population of England: Effects of age, sex, COVID-19 variant, vaccination history, and time in a real-world study from Jan-21 to May-23

Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About