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AimThis pilot examined the effect of online peer support on mental health problems among individuals with post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐2019 (PASC).MethodsA single‐arm pre‐post design of online peer‐support design consisting of eight sessions of 1 h per week with three to six participants and two facilitators per group was performed. Participants were recruited from online communities, social media, and medical clinics for the PASC between May and August 2023. The degrees of depression, anxiety, loneliness, social withdrawal, and self‐esteem were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. Participants' statements during the sessions were analyzed using thematic analyses.ResultsOf the 18 participants, three dropped out of the interventions, and 17 (including two participants who dropped out) completed the pre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires. Depression severity significantly decreased in the paired t‐test and linear mixed model. The following interactions were extracted: conveying the same feelings, dealing with difficulties, showing empathy, enhancing the atmosphere, and adapting to suit health conditions. Impressions extracted from participating in the interventions included feelings of emotional support, a sense of bonding, changes in perspective, changes in behaviors or new actions through participation, inadequacy during sessions, and adverse effects associated with participation.ConclusionOnline peer support may be helpful in treating depression in individuals with PASC.
AimThis pilot examined the effect of online peer support on mental health problems among individuals with post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐2019 (PASC).MethodsA single‐arm pre‐post design of online peer‐support design consisting of eight sessions of 1 h per week with three to six participants and two facilitators per group was performed. Participants were recruited from online communities, social media, and medical clinics for the PASC between May and August 2023. The degrees of depression, anxiety, loneliness, social withdrawal, and self‐esteem were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. Participants' statements during the sessions were analyzed using thematic analyses.ResultsOf the 18 participants, three dropped out of the interventions, and 17 (including two participants who dropped out) completed the pre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires. Depression severity significantly decreased in the paired t‐test and linear mixed model. The following interactions were extracted: conveying the same feelings, dealing with difficulties, showing empathy, enhancing the atmosphere, and adapting to suit health conditions. Impressions extracted from participating in the interventions included feelings of emotional support, a sense of bonding, changes in perspective, changes in behaviors or new actions through participation, inadequacy during sessions, and adverse effects associated with participation.ConclusionOnline peer support may be helpful in treating depression in individuals with PASC.
ZusammenfassungIn Literatur und Forschung mangelt es an Vergleichsstudien zu offenen und geschlossenen Therapiegruppen. Differenzielle, bislang theoretisch und praktisch fundierte Charakteristika beider Formate sind vermutlich für unterschiedliche therapeutisch relevante Effekte verantwortlich. Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist es, den bisherigen Forschungsstand durch eine Bestandsaufnahme von Expertenerfahrungen eines Therapeutenteams mit beiden Gruppenformaten zu ergänzen und Hinweise für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Gruppenformates bereitzustellen. Dazu wurden die Psychologen und Sporttherapeuten einer Abteilung für verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte orthopädische Rehabilitation (VOR) während einer Umstellung von geschlossenen auf offene Gruppen in offenen leitfadengestützten Gesprächen zu ihren Erfahrungen befragt. Ihre Antworten wurden mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. In der Literatur benannte Charakteristika offener und geschlossener Gruppen bestätigen sich überwiegend. Sie werden mit in der Literatur noch nicht identifizierten Aspekten, die den Therapiealltag und die Therapeutenmotivation betreffen, ergänzt. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Sport- und Psychotherapie werden herausgestellt. Geschlossene Gruppen sind von einem Zusammenwachsen und tiefergehenden Beziehungen im Therapieverlauf geprägt. Sitzungen geschlossener Gruppen können aufeinander aufbauen und laufen strukturiert ab. Offene Gruppen weisen einen über die Zeit gleichbleibenden Energielevel und stärkere Dynamik auf und bieten breite Kontaktmöglichkeiten. Verschiedene Patientenrollen in Therapiegruppen müssen in beiden Formaten im Blick behalten werden. Beide Gruppenformen verfügen über Charakteristika, die für verschiedene Therapieziele und Indikationen differenziert genutzt werden können, und haben somit ihre Berechtigung im therapeutischen Kontext. Diese empirischen Befunde legen nahe, dass Therapeuten eine spezifische Gruppenform gezielt auswählen können, um spezifische Patiententypen besser zu unterstützen oder spezifische Therapieziele zu realisieren.
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