Origins and evolvability of the PAX family

Paixão‐Côrtes, Vanessa Rodrigues; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bortolini, María Cátira

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.08.014

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Members of the PAX family are present in both vertebrates and invertebrates where they function in cell fate specification and other processes during development (Chi and Epstein 2002; Paixão - Côrtes et al 2015). In vertebrates, PAX family members play a role in stem-cell proliferation, cell type specification and regionalization during embryogenesis (Chi and Epstein 2002; Blake et al 2008; Blake and Ziman 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paired-box protein PAX-3 regulates the choice between lateral and ventral epidermal cell fates in C. elegans

Thompson

Joshi

Dymond

et al. 2016

Developmental Biology

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The development of the single cell layer skin or hypodermis of Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model for understanding cell fate specification and differentiation. Early in C. elegans embryogenesis, six rows of hypodermal cells adopt dorsal, lateral or ventral fates that go on to display distinct behaviors during larval life. Several transcription factors are known that function in specifying these major hypodermal cell fates, but our knowledge of the specification of these cell types is sparse, particularly in the case of the ventral hypodermal cells, which become Vulval Precursor Cells and form the vulval opening in response to extracellular signals. Previously, the gene pvl-4 was identified in a screen for mutants with defects in vulval development. We found by whole genome sequencing that pvl-4 is the Paired-box gene pax-3, which encodes the sole PAX-3 transcription factor homolog in C. elegans. pax-3 mutants show embryonic and larval lethality, and body morphology abnormalities indicative of hypodermal cell defects. We report that pax-3 is expressed in ventral P cells and their descendants during embryogenesis and early larval stages, and that in pax-3 reduction-of-function animals the ventral P cells undergo a cell fate transformation and express several markers of the lateral seam cell fate. Furthermore, forced expression of pax-3 in the lateral hypodermal cells causes them to lose expression of seam cell markers. We propose that pax-3 functions in the ventral hypodermal cells to prevent these cells from adopting the lateral seam cell fate. pax-3 represents the first gene required for specification solely of the ventral hypodermal fate in C. elegans providing insights into cell type diversification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paired-box protein PAX-3 regulates the choice between lateral and ventral epidermal cell fates in C. elegans

Thompson

Joshi

Dymond

et al. 2016

Developmental Biology

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“…In cancer development, hypermethylation of promoter regions containing CpG islands can inactivate tumor suppressor genes, thereby affecting genes associated with the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell-cell interactions, apoptosis, and angiogenesis (Herman & Baylin, 2003). In most vertebrates, PAX1 and PAX9 exhibit similar expression patterns and functions that belong to a highly conserved family of PAX genes, encode highly conserved transcription factors, and play roles in pattern formation during vertebrate embryogenesis (Paixao-Cortes, Salzano, & Bortolini, 2015). Studies show that PAX genes promote cell proliferation, cell-lineage specification, migration, and survival, and roles in tissue development and cellular differentiation in embryos (Dahl, Koseki, & Balling, 1997).…”

Section: Pax1 Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The promising role of PAX1 (aliases: HUP48, OFC2) gene methylation in cancer screening

Fang

Wang

Liou

et al. 2019

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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Background Paired‐box gene 1 ( PAX1 ), a member of the PAX family, plays a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis, and might be essential for development of the vertebral column. Methods PAX1 is silenced by methylation in several cancers and is considered a tumor suppressor gene. Our previous studies reported PAX1 as hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissues, thereby suggesting it as a potential screening marker. Recently, an increasing number of studies have confirmed PAX1 methylation as a promising biomarker in cervical cancer based on its excellent discriminatory ability between high‐grade cervical lesions and normal tissues, resulting in a reduced necessity for referral for colposcopy and biopsy. Additionally, PAX1 is also hypermethylated in other tumors, including those associated with epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of these tumors. Results This review summarizes reports of PAX1 methylation and its promising role in cancer screening, especially that associated with cervical cancer. Conclusion According to current evidence, combined testing for human papillomavirus and PAX1 methylation analysis represents an efficacious cervical cancer‐screening protocol.

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“…The PAX1 gene is a tumor suppressor belonging to the PAX family. 33 The PAX gene family is classified into four classes. PAX genes of class 1 and 3 play an essential role in …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time colorimetric detection of DNA methylation of the <em>PAX1</em> gene in cervical scrapings for cervical cancer screening with thiol-labeled PCR primers and gold nanoparticles

Huang¹,

Liou²,

Kang³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Background DNA methylation can induce carcinogenesis by silencing key tumor suppressor genes. Analysis of aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes can be used as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for cancer. In this study, we propose a colorimetric method for the detection of DNA methylation of the paired box gene 1 ( PAX1 ) gene in cervical scrapings obtained from 42 patients who underwent cervical colposcopic biopsy. Methods A thiolated methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) primer was used to generate MSP products labeled with the thiol group at one end. After bisulfite conversion and MSP amplification, the unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were placed in a reaction tube and NaCl was added to induce aggregation of bare AuNPs without generating polymerase chain reaction products. After salt addition, the color of AuNPs remained red in the methylated PAX1 gene samples because of binding to the MSP-amplified products. By contrast, the color of the AuNP colloid solution changed from red to blue in the non-methylated PAX1 gene samples because of aggregation of AuNPs in the absence of the MSP-amplified products. Furthermore, PAX1 methylation was quantitatively detected in cervical scrapings of patients with varied pathological degrees of cervical cancer. Conventional quantitative MSP (qMSP) was also performed for comparison. Results The two methods showed a significant correlation of the methylation frequency of the PAX1 gene in cervical scrapings with severity of cervical cancer (n=42, P <0.05). The results of the proposed method showed that the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of PAX1 were 0.833, 0.742, and 0.739 for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasms grade 2 and worse lesions (CIN2+), cervical intraepithelial neoplasms grade 3 and worse lesions (CIN3+), and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting CIN2+ lesions were 0.941 and 0.600, respectively, with a cutoff value of 31.27%. The proposed method also showed superior sensitivity over qMSP methods for the detection of CIN2+ and CIN3+ (0.941 vs 0.824 and 1.000 vs 0.800, respectively). Furthermore, the novel method exhibited higher AUC (0.833) for the detection of CIN2+ than qMSP (0.807). Conclusion The results of thiol-labeled AuNP method were clearly observed by the naked eyes without requiring any expensive equipment. Therefore, the thiol-labeled AuNP method could be a simple but efficient strategy for cervical cancer screening.

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Origins and evolvability of the PAX family

Cited by 41 publications

References 106 publications

The Paired-box protein PAX-3 regulates the choice between lateral and ventral epidermal cell fates in C. elegans

The Paired-box protein PAX-3 regulates the choice between lateral and ventral epidermal cell fates in C. elegans

The promising role of PAX1 (aliases: HUP48, OFC2) gene methylation in cancer screening

Real-time colorimetric detection of DNA methylation of the <em>PAX1</em> gene in cervical scrapings for cervical cancer screening with thiol-labeled PCR primers and gold nanoparticles

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