Origins of Vespa velutina hornets that recently invaded Iki Island, Japan and Jersey Island, UK

Abstract

FinTech is the term used to refer to financial and technology convergence space solutions. It usually refers to new innovations that conduct or connect with financial services via the internet, smart devices, software applications, or cloud services and encompasses anything from mobile banking to cryptocurrency applications. Despite the advantages of FinTech, cybercriminals seized the opportunity to exploit vulnerabilities in FinTech systems. Phishing attacks, ransomware, and data breaches have become more prevalent, targeting individuals and FinTech institutions. Bahrain, which is not different from the rest of the world, was impacted by such cyber threats. Thus, FinTech companies have had to strengthen their cybersecurity countermeasures and protocols to combat these threats.Existing countermeasures in the literature primarily focus on general cybersecurity practices and frameworks, with limited attention given to the specific needs of the FinTech industry. Hence, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding a focused cybersecurity framework that caters to the unique requirements of Fin-Tech innovations, especially in Bahrain. To bridge this gap, this research addresses the problem by conducting an extensive review of existing cybersecurity challenges, common practices, and cybersecurity standards and through in-depth research interviews with executives, experts, and other FinTech business stakeholders. Leveraging this knowledge, this research proposed an adaptable framework that addresses the risks and vulnerabilities faced by FinTech innovations in Bahrain.Through panel discussions and Delphi sessions, industry experts evaluated the framework's practical feasibility, ability to address specific risks, and compatibility with the existing FinTech regulatory landscape. The results demonstrate a high

Vespa velutina: An Alien Driver of Honey Bee Colony Losses

“…The species can cause serious damage and imbalances to biodiversity and ecosystems in areas where it has been introduced. This is aided by V. v. nigrithorax's high reproductive rate, high dispersal ability, broad diet, wide habitat preference, superior competitive ability, and most importantly, multiple mating of its queens [13,50,51].…”

“…The species established itself in non-native countries such as South Korea in 2003 [9] in the southern port town of Busan and Japan, on Tsushima Island in 2012 [10,11], in Kitakyushu City on Kyushu Island in 2015 [12] and on Iki Island in 2017 [13]. Arrived in France probably in 2004 along with garden pots imported from China [14,15], the species spread to neighboring countries.…”

Nutritional Value of the Larvae of the Alien Invasive Wasp Vespa velutina nigrithorax and Amino Acid Composition of the Larval Saliva

“…Reports on V. v. nigrithorax invasions to temperate regions sparked an increasing interest in them as their distribution is expanding [1,16,33,34]. However, studies on trophallaxis and the larval saliva of V. v. nigrithorax has not been performed despite the significance of these topics.…”

Effectiveness and Selectiveness of Traps and Baits for Catching the Invasive Hornet Vespa velutina

“…The Asian yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina is an invasive species, introduced in Europe [ 1 ] and in a few other non-native countries of Asia [ 2 , 3 ], where it has established viable and expanding populations [ 4 ]. As in other hornet and wasp species, the larval stages of V. velutina require proteins for their development, which are commonly obtained by preying on other insects such as bees, other wasps or flies, but with a preference for honey bees [ 5 , 6 ].…”