Origins of neonatal leptin deficiency in preterm infants

Steinbrekera, Baiba; Colaizy, Tarah T.; Vasilakos, Lauren K; Johnson, Karen; Santillan, Donna A.; Haskell, Sarah E.; Roghair, Robert D.

doi:10.1038/s41390-019-0359-y

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…9 Newborns with low birth weight (preterm and SGA) have less body fat and lower leptin levels than those with adequate birth weight. 8,30 In this study, the median leptin concentration was 2.0 ng/ml. These values are in agreement with a study carried out with 317 healthy infants and younger than 18 months, but who were born AGA; the authors observed a median and 90th percentile of leptin levels between 6 and 12 months of age of 1.44 ng/ml and 5.18 ng/ml, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in infants with low birth weight: relationship with maternal health and postnatal growth

Fernandez

Souza

Franco

et al. 2021

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Health in pregnancy and infancy can affect the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. We aimed to describe leptin and adiponectin concentrations in low birth weight (LBW) infants and identify possible associations with maternal nutritional status, adequacy for gestational age, nutritional recovery, and current dietary intake. A cross-sectional study with LBW infants (9–12 months) including maternal background and pre-pregnancy nutritional condition was performed. From the Infants: anthropometry at birth and current was expressed as z-score (weight: WAZ, length, head circumference), nutritional recovery, dietary intake, leptin, and adiponectin blood concentrations. The mean age of the 54 infants was 10.0 ± 1.5 months, 32 (59.3%) were female, 36 (66.7%) preterm, 23 (42.6%) small for gestational age (SGA), and 25 pregnancies (46.3%) were twin. Almost all (98%) of the infants intake energy and protein above the recommendation, and 47 (87.6%) consumed ultra-processed foods. At the time of the assessment, 8 (14.8%) were overweight and 4 (7.4%) had short stature. SGA infants showed faster weight recovery (WAZ 1.54; 95% CI 1.17, 1.91; p = 0.001), higher leptin’s concentration (3.0 ng/ml (1.7, 3.0) versus 1.6 ng/ml (0.9, 2.6); p = 0.032)), and leptin/adiponectin ratio (0.13 ± 0.08 versus 0.07 ± 0.07; p = 0.018). The pre-gestational BMI was a modifier of the effect of WAZ on leptin levels (p = 0.027) in LBW infants. Higher pre-gestational BMI increased the effect of WAZ variation (birth and current) on leptin levels. Concluding, LBW infants showed early changes in leptin and adiponectin concentrations, influenced by maternal (pre-gestational BMI), intrauterine (gestational age adequacy – SGA), and postnatal weight gain. This combination of factors may increase the risk of NCD for this group of children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in infants with low birth weight: relationship with maternal health and postnatal growth

Fernandez

Souza

Franco

et al. 2021

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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show abstract

“…18 Leptin is a typical adipokine secreted by adipocytes and research has shown that the leptin level is decreased in preterm infants. 19 All of these findings suggest that lipid metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. 20 The STRING diagram ( Figure 2) shows that apoA-II interacts with plasma kallikrein, coagulation factor XIII A chain, coagulation factor XII, complement component C8 alpha chain and other important coagulation and immune factors involved in preterm birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum apolipoprotein A-II and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels in midtrimester can be used as predictors of preterm delivery

Huang

Yang

2020

J Int Med Res

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Objective To identify serum protein markers in midtrimester that predict preterm delivery. Methods A retrospective case–control study randomly selected patients that experienced spontaneous preterm birth and healthy control patients that experienced a normal delivery at term. A proteomic analysis was undertaken using the data-independent acquisition method. Results A total of 30 singleton pregnant women were randomly selected from 12 800 pregnant women: 15 women had a spontaneous preterm birth (group Y) and 15 age- and body mass index-matched women gave birth at term (group D). All of the patients provided serum at 15–20 weeks of gestation. A total of 39 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Compared with group D, 24 proteins were upregulated and 15 were downregulated in the preterm group Y. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, the 24 upregulated proteins were significantly enriched in the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Furthermore (STRING) analysis showed that apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) and alpha-2-antiplasmin (α2-AP), two upregulated proteins, were key nodes in the STRING protein–protein network. Conclusions These findings suggest that apoA-II and α2-AP might be new markers for predicting preterm delivery in the midtrimester.

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“…Since the preterm delivery leads to a premature separation from the maternal/placental leptin source, the infant is predisposed to postnatal hormone deficiency, enhanced by the lack of adipose tissue, which increases during the last three months of fetal life. Thus, leptin in the breastmilk could be a substitute source for neonates, particularly those born preterm [ 26 ]. In our study, leptin concentrations in maternal milk resulted in a similar small amount in each group, lower than the corresponding levels in maternal plasma and CB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age

et al. 2022

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Background: Leptin is a hormone regulating lifetime energy homeostasis and metabolism and its concentration is important starting from prenatal life. We aimed to investigate the association of perinatal leptin concentrations with growth trajectories during the first year of life. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study, measuring leptin concentration in maternal plasma before delivery, cord blood (CB), and mature breast milk and correlating their impact on neonate’s bodyweight from birth to 1 year of age, in 16 full-term (FT), 16 preterm (PT), and 13 intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) neonates. Results: Maternal leptin concentrations were highest in the PT group, followed by IUGR and FT, with no statistical differences among groups (p = 0.213). CB leptin concentrations were significantly higher in FT compared with PT and IUGR neonates (PT vs. FT; IUGR vs. FT: p < 0.001). Maternal milk leptin concentrations were low, with no difference among groups. Maternal leptin and milk concentrations were negatively associated with all the neonates’ weight changes (p = 0.017 and p = 0.006), while the association with CB leptin was not significant (p = 0.051). Considering each subgroup individually, statistical analysis confirmed the previous results in PT and IUGR infants, with the highest value in the PT subgroup. In addition, this group’s results negatively correlated with CB leptin (p = 0.026) and showed the largest % weight increase. Conclusions: Leptin might play a role in neonatal growth trajectories, characterized by an inverse correlation with maternal plasma and milk. PT infants showed the highest correlation with hormone levels, regardless of source, seeming the most affected group by leptin guidance. Low leptin levels appeared to contribute to critical neonates’ ability to recover a correct body weight at 1 year. An eventual non-physiological “catch-up growth” should be monitored, and leptin perinatal levels may be an indicative tool. Further investigations are needed to strengthen the results.

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Origins of neonatal leptin deficiency in preterm infants

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in infants with low birth weight: relationship with maternal health and postnatal growth

Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in infants with low birth weight: relationship with maternal health and postnatal growth

Serum apolipoprotein A-II and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels in midtrimester can be used as predictors of preterm delivery

Leptin Levels of the Perinatal Period Shape Offspring’s Weight Trajectories through the First Year of Age

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