Origins of the mycoplasmas: sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas evolved from streptococci

Neimark, Harold; London, Jack

doi:10.1128/jb.150.3.1259-1265.1982

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From the evidence available in the literature, it seems that mycoplasmas are a diverse group of wall-less prokaryotes derived from various bacteria. It has been convincingly demonstrated by immunologic methodology that acholeplasmas are descended from streptococci, specifically from groups N and D (148). It therefore seems logical to conclude from molecular and immunologic data that mycoplasmas are not a true phylogenetic class and that they are not descended from one single common ancestor.…”

Section: Relationship Of the L-forms To Mycoplasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial persistence and expression of disease

1997

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A considerable body of experimental and clinical evidence supports the concept that difficult-to-culture and dormant bacteria are involved in latency of infection and that these persistent bacteria may be pathogenic. This review includes details on the diverse forms and functions of individual bacteria and attempts to make this information relevant to the care of patients. A series of experimental studies involving host-bacterium interactions illustrates the probability that most bacteria exposed to a deleterious host environment can assume a form quite different from that of a free-living bacterium. A hypothesis is offered for a kind of reproductive cycle of morphologically aberrant bacteria as a means to relate their diverse tissue forms to each other. Data on the basic biology of persistent bacteria are correlated with expression of disease and particularly the mechanisms of both latency and chronicity that typify certain infections. For example, in certain streptococcal and nocardial infections, it has been clearly established that wall-defective forms can be induced in a suitable host. These organisms can survive and persist in a latent state within the host, and they can cause pathologic responses compatible with disease. A series of cases illustrating idiopathic conditions in which cryptic bacteria have been implicated in the expression of disease is presented. These conditions include nephritis, rheumatic fever, aphthous stomatitis, idiopathic hematuria, Crohn's disease, and mycobacterial infections. By utilizing PCR, previously nonculturable bacilli have been identified in patients with Whipple's disease and bacillary angiomatosis. Koch's postulates may have to be redefined in terms of molecular data when dormant and nonculturable bacteria are implicated as causative agents of mysterious diseases.

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Section: Relationship Of the L-forms To Mycoplasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial persistence and expression of disease

1997

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“…C. Kirkpatrick, unpublished) are consistent with those o^ Achoteptasma. We and others have proposed that mycoplasmas descended from walled bacterial antecedants through substantial losses of genomic material which resulted in remarkable reductions in genome size (Neimark, 1979;Woese ef ai, 1980;Neimark and London, 1982). Because Achoteptasma (Neimark and Lange, 1990; H. Neimark, D, L. Rose, J. G. Tully and C. S. Lange, unpublished) and Anaeroptasma chromosome sizes are considerably larger than the MLO chromosome sizes reported here, it appears that the MLOs represent an entirely unique group of mollicutes that evolved by comparatively large losses of genomic DNA.…”

Section: Chromosomes From Non-cutturabte Mlos 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of full‐length chromosomes from non‐culturable plant‐pathogenic Mycoplasma‐like organisms

Neimark

Kirkpatrick

1993

Molecular Microbiology

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We describe the isolation and characterization of full-length chromosomes from non-culturable plant-pathogenic, mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs). MLO chromosomes are circular and their sizes (640 to 1185 kbp) are heterogeneous. Divergence in the range of chromosome sizes is apparent between MLOs in the two major MLO disease groups, and chromosome size polymorphism occurs among some related agents. MLO chromosome sizes overlap those of culturable mycoplasmas; consequently, small genome size alone cannot explain MLO non-culturability. Hybridization with cloned MLO-specific chromosomal and 16S rRNA probes detected two separate chromosomes in some MLO 'type' strains. Large DNA molecules that appear to be MLO megaplasmids were also demonstrated. The ability to characterize full-length chromosomes from virtually any non-culturable prokaryote should greatly facilitate the molecular and genetic analysis of these difficult bacteria.

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“…Taxonomic studies [4][5][6] indicate that the lactobacilli and pediococci likely have evolved from a common clostridial type of progenitor. It is not known whether these species first appeared before or after the formation of oxygen in the atmosphere ('The Pasteur Point').…”

Section: Evolutionary Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology of fermenting plant materials

Daeschel

Andersson

Fleming

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

186

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The lactic acid fermentation of plant materials is presented from an ecological perspective emphasizing microbial interactions and their influence on the production of fermented plant foods and silage. The plant lactic acid bacteria are discussed in terms of evolution; epiphytic function; physical distribution within fermented material; substrates and products; microbial sequences in fermentation; interactions among species; pure culture fermentation; and starter culture development.

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Origins of the mycoplasmas: sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas evolved from streptococci

Abstract: We report the establishment of a phylogenetic relationship between the sterolnonrequiring mycoplasmas (Acholeplasma species) and streptococci. Three specific antisera prepared against purified Streptococcus faecalis fructose diphos-1259 on July 31, 2020 by guest

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Bacterial persistence and expression of disease

Bacterial persistence and expression of disease

Isolation and characterization of full‐length chromosomes from non‐culturable plant‐pathogenic Mycoplasma‐like organisms

Microbial ecology of fermenting plant materials

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