Oro‐facial lesions and CD4 counts associated with HIV/AIDS in an adult population in Oyo State, Nigeria

Adurogbangba, MI; Ga, Aderinokun; Odaibo, Georgina N.; Olaleye, O.D.; To, Lawoyin

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2004.01036.x

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Oral candidiasis was the commonest lesion observed in this study population, agreeing with findings by Bodhade et al (39.3%), Kardpon et al (55%), Adrogubangba et al (33.3%) and Allan et al (17.7%) [12, 15, 20, 21]. The pseudomembranous subtype was the commonest, just as was observed in south western Uganda (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association between oral candidiasis and low CD4+ count among HIV positive patients in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Human Immune Virus (HIV) related oral lesions and their association with Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4+) count among treatment naïve HIV positive patients.MethodsThis was a descriptive and analytical cross sectional study. Participants were 346 treatment naïve HIV positive adult patients. These were consecutively recruited from Hoima Regional Referral hospital between March and April 2012. Data collection involved interviews, oral examinations and laboratory analysis.ResultsA total of 168(48.6%) participants had oral lesions. The four commonest lesions were oral candidiasis (24.9%, CI = 20.6-29.7%), melanotic hyperpigmentation (17.3%, CI = 13.7-21.7%), kaposi sarcoma (9.3%, CI = 6.6-12.8%) and Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) (5.5%, CI = 3.5-8.4%). There was significant association between oral candidiasis and immunosuppression measured as CD4+ less than 350 cells/mm3 (OR = 2.69, CI = 1.608-4.502, p < 0.001). Oral candidiasis was the only oral lesion significantly predictive of immunosuppression (OR = 2.56, CI = 1.52-4.30, p < 0.001) with a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 48.2%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 74.3%, 38.1% sensitivity and specificity of 81.4%.ConclusionOral candidiasis can be considered as a marker for immunesuppression, making routine oral examinations essential in the management of HIV positive patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association between oral candidiasis and low CD4+ count among HIV positive patients in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital

et al. 2014

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“…19 In the present study, the prevalence of HIV-OL was strongly associated (p = 0.007) with low CD4 + levels (usually less than 200 cells/mm 3 ). Similarly to our results, Adurogbangba et al 20 reported a strong association between HIV-OL and low CD4 + counts, mainly when the latter were below 500 cells/mm 3 . As with CD4 + counts, viral load is also related to oral manifestations.…”

Section: Cd4supporting

confidence: 92%

Oral health management of 97 patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2015

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“…Analysis of oral lesions in 81 HIV-positive subjects and 31 HIV-negative subjects and their CD4+ counts in a study done at Oyo, Nigeria has shown that CD4+ counts < 500 cells/ml were significantly associated with having pseudomembranous candidiasis and angular cheilitis. [27] Another study,[21] reported oral candidiasis and melanotic hyperpigmentation could be used as markers of immunosuppression depicted by CD4+ counts < 200 cells/ml while oral hairy leukoplakia could indicate HIV-ribonucleic acid ≥ 20,000 copies/ml in an adult Nigerian population. Similarly, this study revealed that the presence of oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia were associated with CD4+ counts < 200 cells/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between CD4+ counts and the presence of oral lesions in human immunodeficiency virus positive women in Nigeria

Okoh¹,

Saheeb²,

Agbelusi³

et al. 2014

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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Background:Oral lesions are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The main factor associated with the development of oral lesions is damage to the immune system, specifically loss of CD4+ lymphocytes, which are involved in cell-mediated immunity.Aim:This study was aimed to determine the association of oral lesions in HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome women patients with the level of immune suppression as measured by the CD4+ counts.Subjects and Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study with a study population of 191 consecutive female patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution of study and informed consent was given by every participant. HIV sero-status was determined for all patients. CD4+ count was analyzed for both the HIV+ and HIV– women with oral lesions. The relationships between oral lesions and CD4+ cell count were investigated.Result:About 56.0% (107/191) of the 191 women studied were HIV positive. Age range for the HIV positive women was 18-50 years with a mean age (standard deviation) of 36 (9.2) years. The most common oral lesion observed in the HIV positive women was pseudomembranous candidiasis accounting for 34.6% (37/107). About 68.4% (67/98) of the oral lesions occurred at CD4+ count < 200 cells/ml. Chi-square revealed statistically significant association between the presence of oral lesions and CD4+ count in HIV infected women (P = 0.03).Conclusion:As the CD4+ count was decreasing the presence of oral lesions was increasing in the study. The presence of pseudomembranous candidiasis was found to be significantly associated with CD4+ count level < 200 cells/ml. This association of oral candidiasis with CD4+ cell counts could be used as additional markers of immunosuppression and progression of HIV infection, particularly in a developing country like Nigeria where CD4+ count cannot be determined routinely.

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Oro‐facial lesions and CD4 counts associated with HIV/AIDS in an adult population in Oyo State, Nigeria

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Association between oral candidiasis and low CD4+ count among HIV positive patients in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital

Association between oral candidiasis and low CD4+ count among HIV positive patients in Hoima Regional Referral Hospital

Oral health management of 97 patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Relationships between CD4+ counts and the presence of oral lesions in human immunodeficiency virus positive women in Nigeria

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