Oropharyngeal carriage of Candida species in HIV‐infected patients in India

Abstract

The present investigation represents the first study of oropharyngeal carriage of Candida and other yeasts in HIV-infected patients in India. One hundred and fifty HIV-positive patients were investigated by culturing their swish samples on plates of CHROMagar Candida. Ninety-eight patients (65.3%) were positive for Candida and four (2.7%) were positive for other yeasts. Among them, the first Indian C. dubliniensis isolate has been recovered. Molecular typing of selected C. albicans isolates by AP-PCR revealed two major genotypes based on the banding patterns. The susceptibilities of 30 Candida isolates to five antifungal agents including the new triazole voriconazole were determined in a micro-dilution test, according to the NCCLS protocol M 27. All the 22 C. albicans isolates were susceptible to five antimycotic agents (flucytosine, amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole) except one isolate (VPCI-122), which was resistant to flucytosine (MIC > or = 64 mg l-1). The azole-resistant isolates reported here endorse the role of antifungal susceptibility testing whenever antifungal treatment with azoles is planned.

Phytochemical Characterization of Terminalia catappa Linn. Extracts and Their antifungal Activities against Candida spp.

“…Though Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species as colonizer and pathogen of the oral mucosa, other Candida species, such as Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei , and Candida glabrata are recovered increasingly, mainly in HIV-infected individuals (Gugnani et al, 2003; Hamza et al, 2008; Patil et al, 2015). Candida yeasts cause oropharyngeal, esophageal, laryngeal, and invasive candidiasis (Patil et al, 2015).…”

Susceptibility testing of Candida albicans isolated from oropharyngeal mucosa of HIV+ patients to fluconazole, amphotericin B and Caspofungin: killing kinetics of caspofungin and amphotericin B against fluconazole resistant and susceptible isolates

“…Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common clinical manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus patients (HIV) (16,24,34). Treatment of this fungal infection presents several problems.…”

Diversity and antifungal resistance patterns of prevalent opportunistic pathogenic yeasts colonizing the oral cavities of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, and their relation to CD4 + counts

“…[4910] Present study recorded an overall yeast carriage rate of 48%, which included different Candida species along with other yeasts. This figure is comparable to those reported by Pavithra et al ,[4] from Southern India and Hung et al ,[15] from Taiwan, but lesser than that of a similar study carried out a decade ago by Gugnani et al [10] (68% - included 65.35% Candida and 2.7% other yeasts) from New Delhi. A recent study by Maurya et al ,[5] reported a carriage rate of 33.1% in a similar group of patients.…”

“…[78] In the Indian scenario, only a few reports are available on asymptomatic carriage of yeasts in the oral cavity of HIV seropositive individuals. [345910] Most of these studies are, however, from the southern states of the country. [349] Of these, still fewer studies have looked for the association of yeast carriage in relation to CD4 + count.…”