Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Human Papilloma Virus Coinfection with Streptococcus anginosus

Abstract

Introduction: Human papilloma virus (HPV) and oral bacteria capable of acetaldehyde production from ethanol, such as Streptococcus anginosus, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Fusobacterium naviforme are among oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) infectious risk factors. Objective: Determine associations with HPV and S. anginosus, P. melaninogenica, and F. naviforme in patients with and without OSCC. Methods: Presence of HPV and HPV-16 was determined in 26 patients with OSCC and 26 without OSCC by conventional PCR and simultaneous presence of S. anginosus, P. melaninogenica, and F. naviforme quantification through q-PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson’s X² and Student’s-t test. Results: Patients with OSCC had HPV and HPV-16 frequencies of 84% and 61.5%, respectively, in contrast for patients without OSCC frequencies were 34.6 and 30.7%. P. melaninogenica, and F. naviforme microorganisms were not present in any participant in this study. S. anginosus frequency in patients with OSC was 38.4% and in patients without OSCC was 30.7%. Patients with OSCC had S. anginosus + HPV co-infection at a 38.4% frequency and S. anginosus + HPV-16 at a 23.1% frequency. For individuals without OSCC S. anginosus + HPV co-infection was 3.8% and S. anginosus + HPV-16 3.8%. A greater frequency of S. anginosus + HPV co-infection and S. anginosus + HPV-16 was observed in patients with OSCC in comparison with individuals without OSCC, suggesting the importance of detecting HPV/HPV-16 and S. anginosus simultaneously in individuals at risk of developing OSCC

Oral Microbiota—A New Frontier in the Pathogenesis and Management of Head and Neck Cancers

“…The samples were obtained from patients with HNSCC, of which OSCC was the most frequently studied tumor [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The studies also included samples from the following: oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) [ 21 , 43 ], gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) [ 44 ]; unspecified oral cavity cancer (OCC) (45); oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) [ 45 ]; nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) [ 46 ]; unspecified HNSCCs [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In addition, certain oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), such as oral leukoplakia, were also studied.…”

“…Robayo et al analyzed the survival data of HPV-positive OSCC patients with those co-infected with HPV and Streptococcus anginosus . A tendency towards a poorer survival outcome was recognized for patients co-infected with both microorganisms, although it was not statistically significant [ 43 ]. As a novel finding, Capnocytophaga, a genus of gram-negative bacteria, was significantly increased in patients with recurrent OSCC after tumor resection, with a median abundance of 5.62-fold higher than in normal control patients [ 29 ].…”

The current outlook of human papillomavirus and its association with digestive tract cancer

“…In contrast, in patients without OSCC the frequencies were 34.6 and 30.7%. Additionally, a higher frequency of S. anginosus + HPV co-infection and S. anginosus + HPV-16 was observed in patients with ESCC in comparison with individuals without OSCC, suggesting the importance of detecting HPV/HPV-16 and S. anginosus simultaneously in individuals at risk of developing OSCC (Robayo et al, 2019).…”

Cáncer escamocelular orofaríngeo: experiencias y avances en la Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia

“…Con respecto a la frecuencia de S. anginosus, en el estudio del presente grupo se detectó esta bacteria en el 38,5 % de los pacientes con cáncer, en tanto que la frecuencia en personas sin cáncer de orofaringe fue de 30,8 %. Finalmente, la coinfección por S. anginosus y VPH o VPH-16 fue mayor en pacientes con CEO (8 de 10) comparada con personas sin cáncer (2 de 8 VPH y 6 de 10 VPH-16) y de 1 en 8 para el grupo control (53). Ello sugiere que en CEO, al igual que para el modelo de cáncer cervical, es importante detectar coinfección (bacterias y virus) en personas en riesgo a desarrollar cáncer.…”