Orphanhood, Household Relationships, School Attendance and Child Labor in Zimbabwe

Novella, Rafael

doi:10.1002/jid.3353

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the pandemic has also reduced the long-term demand for education through an increase in the number of orphans. Novella (2018) confirms the last link using a Zimbabwean survey for 2007-8. This revealed that orphans leave (secondary) school early and hence enter the labor market early compared with non-orphans.…”

Section: Labor and Human Capitalsupporting

confidence: 63%

A Literature Review of Pandemics and Development: the Long-Term Perspective

Callegari

Feder

2022

EconDisCliCha

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Pandemics have been a long-standing object of study by economists, albeit with declining interest, that is until COVID-19 arrived. We review current knowledge on the pandemics' effects on long-term economic development, spanning economic and historical debates. We show that all economic inputs are potentially affected. Pandemics reduce the workforce and human capital, have mixed effects on investment and savings, but potentially positive consequences for innovation and knowledge development, depending on accompanying institutional change. In the absence of an innovative response supporting income redistribution, pandemics tend to increase income inequalities, worsening poverty traps and highlighting the distributional issues built into insurance-based health insurance systems. We find that the effects of pandemics are asymmetric over time, in space, and among sectors and households. Therefore, we suggest that the research focus on the theoretical plausibility and empirical significance of specific mechanisms should be complemented by metaanalytic efforts aimed at reconstructing the resulting complexity. Finally, we suggest that policymakers prioritize the development of organizational learning and innovative capabilities, focusing on the ability to adapt to emergencies rather than developing rigid protocols or mimicking solutions developed and implemented in different contexts.

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Section: Labor and Human Capitalsupporting

confidence: 63%

A Literature Review of Pandemics and Development: the Long-Term Perspective

Callegari

Feder

2022

EconDisCliCha

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“…The women became the household head due to several problems, such as the household head who had previously died, causing the children to be orphaned. Novella (2018) found that orphans tend to work and not go to school.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are Children Still Working?

Sandra

Dawood

Majid

2022

JESP

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This study aims to determine the effect of household characteristics and children's living environment on child labor to reduce the likelihood of child labor occurrence. The data source of this research is Sakernas (Indonesian National Labor Force Survey) of August 2018, including school accreditation, household head gender, age, working sector, employment status, household size, dependency ratio, location, and school quality, towards the probability of child labor occurrence in Indonesia. Results suggest that the government must prioritize welfare programs for women household heads, asses the minimum age for marriage, improve education facilities, and increase parental awareness to eliminate child labor. The government needs to improve education infrastructure. This infrastructure improvement should be accompanied by the convenience of school access and its costs. The lack of education infrastructure, especialy in rural areas makes it difficult for children there to attend formal schooling.

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“…Among the Himba in Namibia, Scelza and Silk (2014) found that fostering children out was associated with higher reproductive success for mothers (i.e., a greater number of surviving children), but was associated with an increased risk of stunting and being underweight for foster children. Consistent with the notion that fostering entails some cost to children, several studies have also reported that fostered children are less likely to be enrolled in school (Roby, Erickson, and Nagaishi 2016;Assaad, Levison, and Zibani 2010;Moyi 2010;Novella 2018;Urassa et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Earning their keep? Fostering, children's education, and work in north-western Tanzania

Hedges¹,

Sear²,

Todd³

et al. 2019

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDFostering, raising children that are not one's biological children, is common in many societies worldwide. Despite predicted lower investment in nonbiological offspring, numerous studies report no obvious well-being penalty for fostered children. Building on prior research, we suggest that fostering is incentivised by close relatedness between foster child and caregivers and that children's work contributions can offset their costs to fostering households. METHODWe used multilevel logistic and fractional multinomial regression analyses to investigate the association between fostering, educational investment, and time allocation in a sample of 1,273 Sukuma children (aged 7-19) from northwestern Tanzania, where fostering is traditionally common. RESULTSTwenty-six per cent of children are fostered, with most having at least one living parent. Children fostered by close kin have similar educational outcomes to those living with both biological parents, though their grade for age is lower, perhaps reflecting differences in timing rather than overall level of investment. Those fostered by distant kin are less likely to be enrolled or to progress to secondary school. Overall, fostered children are more likely to do farm work; however on weekdays when work conflicts

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Orphanhood, Household Relationships, School Attendance and Child Labor in Zimbabwe

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

A Literature Review of Pandemics and Development: the Long-Term Perspective

A Literature Review of Pandemics and Development: the Long-Term Perspective

Why are Children Still Working?

Earning their keep? Fostering, children's education, and work in north-western Tanzania

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