The
ligand-regulated regiodivergent hydroarylation of the distal
double bond of allenamides with aryl boronic acid was achieved in
the presence of palladium(II) catalysts, delivering a variety of functionalized
enamide with excellent E selectivity and Markovnikov/anti-Markovnikov
selectivity. Two possible coordination intermediates were proposed
to be responsible for the regiodivergent hydroarylation: (1) The coordination Intermediate I, which was proposed to be formed through the
coordination of MeCN, distal double bond, phenyl to palladium, led
to the aryl group away from the Intermediate I, inducing
excellent E selectivity and anti-Markovnikov selectivity. (2) A switch
of regioselectivity to 1,2-Markovnikov hydroarylation
was obtained using bidentate phosphine ligand (dppf or Xantphos).
The formed coordination Intermediate II led to the N-tether
away from the Intermediate II and at the trans position
of aryl, resulting in excellent E selectivity and Markovnikov selectivity.
Meanwhile, tentative investigation on the mechanism proved that the
hydron source of this hydroarylation is more likely to be boronic
acid. The transmetallation between aryl boronic acid and palladium
catalyst was the initial step of this transformation.