Orthogonal-view microscope for the biomechanics investigations of aquatic organisms

Le, Brian T.; Auer, Katherine M.; Lopez, David A.; Shum, Justin P.; Suarsana, Brian; Suh, Ga-Young Kelly; Hedde, Per Niklas; Ahrar, Siavash

doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00533

HardwareX

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00533

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Orthogonal-view microscope for the biomechanics investigations of aquatic organisms

Brian T. Le,

Katherine M. Auer,

David A. Lopez

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

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Microfluidics for hydrodynamic investigations of sand dollar larvae

Chen,

Lopez,

Obenshain

et al. 2024

AIP Advances

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The life cycle of most marine invertebrates includes a planktonic larval stage before metamorphosis to bottom-dwelling adulthood. During the larval stage, ciliary-mediated activity enables feeding (capturing unicellular algae) and transporting materials (e.g., oxygen) required for the larva’s growth, development, and successful metamorphosis. Investigating the underlying hydrodynamics of the ciliary activities is valuable for addressing fundamental biological questions (e.g., phenotypic plasticity) and advancing engineering applications (e.g., biomimetic design). We combined microfluidics and fluorescence microscopy as a miniaturized particle image velocimetry approach to study ciliary-mediated hydrodynamics during suspension feeding in sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus). First, feasibility was confirmed by examining the underlying hydrodynamics (ciliary-mediated vortex patterns) for low- and high-fed larvae. Next, ciliary hydrodynamics were tracked from 11 days post-fertilization (DPF) to 20 DPF for 21 low-fed larvae. Microfluidics enabled the examination of baseline activities (without external flow) and behaviors in the presence of environmental cues (external flow). A library of qualitative vortex patterns and quantitative hydrodynamics (velocity and vorticity profiles) was generated. Velocities were used to examine the role of ciliary activity in transporting materials. Given the laminar flow and the viscosity-dominated environments surrounding the larvae, overcoming the diffusive boundary layer is critical. Péclet number analysis for oxygen transport suggested that ciliary velocities help overcome the diffusion-dominated transport. The approach was used to examine the hydrodynamics of two additional marine larvae (P. helianthoides and S. purpuratus). Microfluidics provided a scalable and accessible approach for investigating the ciliary hydrodynamics of marine organisms.

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Microfluidics for hydrodynamic investigations of sand dollar larvae

Chen,

Lopez,

Obenshain

et al. 2024

AIP Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Hydra for 21st Century—A Fine Model in Freshwater Research

Kovačević,

Korać,

Želježić

et al. 2024

Water

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Hydra is known for its natural occurrence, anatomical simplicity, intricate physiology, regenerative capacity, and ease of maintenance and manipulation in laboratory environments. It has proven to be a valuable model organism in various disciplines. Its applications range from developmental biology, stem cell research, animal physiology to environmental toxicology including ecotoxicology. The sensitivity of Hydra to a variety of environmental stressors and chemical agents such as metals, nanomaterials, and toxic organic compounds provides valuable insights into physiological mechanisms affected by environmental stressors and pollution, and Hydra can be of great use in environmental monitoring. Furthermore, since green Hydra lives in a symbiotic relationship with unicellular photoautotrophic algae, it is a suitable model organism for symbiosis research. Recently, it has become a popular model in holobiont research. The adaptability and importance of Hydra also extends to aquatic science and aquatic ecology, particularly in the context of monitoring and water pollution. Since the 1980s, Hydra has been increasingly used in various fields of research and has established itself as an important versatile model organism in numerous scientific studies. Hydra also represents an outstanding model in the fields of education and STEM. Hydra continues to be an important model in the 21st century, contributing significantly to our understanding of the biology of water and advancing freshwater research, and possibly finding its way to regenerative medicine and tumor pathobiology research.

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Orthogonal-view microscope for the biomechanics investigations of aquatic organisms

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Microfluidics for hydrodynamic investigations of sand dollar larvae

Microfluidics for hydrodynamic investigations of sand dollar larvae

Hydra for 21st Century—A Fine Model in Freshwater Research

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