Orthographic and phonological computation in visual word recognition: Evidence from backward masking in Hebrew

Frost, Ram; Yogev, Osnat

doi:10.3758/bf03196188

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The absence of form priming in Urdu in our data mirrors the lack of formbased priming in Hebrew word naming reported by Frost et al (1997). However, the Urdu results are singular in light of recent evidence of form priming in both Hebrew (Frost & Yogev, 2001) and Arabic (Boudelaa & Marslen-Wilson, 2005), using very brief prime exposure durations of less than 100 ms.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Orthographic characteristics speed Hindi word naming but slow Urdu naming: evidence from Hindi/Urdu biliterates

et al. 2010

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Two primed naming experiments tested the orthographic depth hypothesis in skilled biliterate readers of Hindi and Urdu. These languages are very similar on the spoken level but differ greatly in script; Hindi is a highly transparent script, whereas Urdu is more opaque. It was accordingly hypothesized that formbased priming would be greater for Hindi than Urdu, reflecting greater reliance on a phonological assembly route in the more transparent Hindi script. Proficient Hindi/ Urdu biliterate readers were presented with primes either in Hindi or Urdu script (Exp. 1), or in Roman transcription (Exp. 2), while targets were always in blocks of Hindi or Urdu. Across both experiments, form-based priming was observed only in Hindi. Additionally, target words were named significantly faster and better in Hindi than in Urdu. The results are taken as support for the hypothesis of differential reliance on phonological assembly as a function of script transparency. Further, the greater graphemic complexity of Urdu script relative to Hindi appears to have contributed to slower and less accurate overall single word reading for Urdu than Hindi, despite the fact that Urdu was the first learned script.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Orthographic characteristics speed Hindi word naming but slow Urdu naming: evidence from Hindi/Urdu biliterates

et al. 2010

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“…This account also provides a coherent explication of why phonological computation in Hebrew is underspecified. As Frost and his colleagues have repeatedly shown, the prelexical phonological code computed in Hebrew is indeed impoverished (Frost & Yogev 2001; Frost et al 2003; Gronau & Frost 1997). Although Frost and his colleagues focused on the depth of Hebrew orthography in discussing their results, it seems that their arguments should be expanded to include what seems to be a reading universal: The representation of morphological information takes precedence over the representation of detailed phonological information when it comes to the evolution of writing systems.…”

Section: The Linguistic Dimensions Of a Universal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a universal model of reading

2012

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In the last decade, reading research has seen a paradigmatic shift. A new wave of computational models of orthographic processing that offer various forms of noisy position or context-sensitive coding, have revolutionized the field of visual word recognition. The influx of such models stems mainly from consistent findings, coming mostly from European languages, regarding an apparent insensitivity of skilled readers to letter-order. Underlying the current revolution is the theoretical assumption that the insensitivity of readers to letter order reflects the special way in which the human brain encodes the position of letters in printed words. The present paper discusses the theoretical shortcomings and misconceptions of this approach to visual word recognition. A systematic review of data obtained from a variety of languages demonstrates that letter-order insensitivity is not a general property of the cognitive system, neither it is a property of the brain in encoding letters. Rather, it is a variant and idiosyncratic characteristic of some languages, mostly European, reflecting a strategy of optimizing encoding resources, given the specific structure of words. Since the main goal of reading research is to develop theories that describe the fundamental and invariant phenomena of reading across orthographies, an alternative approach to model visual word recognition is offered. The dimensions of a possible universal model of reading, which outlines the common cognitive operations involved in orthographic processing in all writing systems, are discussed.

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“…Subsequent research using backward masking in Hebrew has also provided support for the strong phonological hypothesis (Frost & Yogev, 2001; Gronau & Frost, 1997). These studies demonstrated that even in a deep orthography, phonology is recoded pre‐lexically to provide a ‘coarse’ representation of the word.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The effect of orthographic depth on reliance upon semantic context for oral reading in English and Hebrew

Benuck

Peverly

2004

Journal Research in Reading

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This paper examines the relationship between orthographic depth and reliance upon context for oral reading in English and Hebrew. Research on context effects in English has indicated that the decoding ability of adequate readers is only minimally affected by context. The effect of context may be greater in Hebrew because of its deeper orthography – context may help readers phonologically and semantically disambiguate words whose letters do not provide enough information for grapheme‐to‐phoneme conversion. It is hypothesised that bilingual English‐Hebrew participants would rely more upon context for oral reading of Hebrew than English and that in Hebrew, reading words which are more phonologically ambiguous (high degree of freedom words) would be more affected by context than reading of words which are less phonologically ambiguous (low degree of freedom words). Results support both hypotheses. The findings are consistent with the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis.

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Orthographic and phonological computation in visual word recognition: Evidence from backward masking in Hebrew

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Orthographic characteristics speed Hindi word naming but slow Urdu naming: evidence from Hindi/Urdu biliterates

Orthographic characteristics speed Hindi word naming but slow Urdu naming: evidence from Hindi/Urdu biliterates

Towards a universal model of reading

The effect of orthographic depth on reliance upon semantic context for oral reading in English and Hebrew

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