Orthologous genes Pm12 and Pm21 from two wild relatives of wheat show evolutionary conservation but divergent powdery mildew resistance

Zhu, Shanying; Liu, Cheng; Gong, Shuangjun; Chen, Zhaozhao; Chen, Rong; Liu, Tianlei; Liu, Renkang; Du, Haonan; Guo, Rui; Li, Genying; Li, Miaomiao; Fan, Renchun; Li, Yong; Shen, Qian‐Hua; Gao, Anli; Ma, Pengtao; He, Huagang

doi:10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100472

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…A recent study on the AvrPm3-Pm3 model, further demonstrated the importance of Pm3 NLR receptors in concurrently determining host-specificity for grass mildews and race-specific resistance to wheat powdery mildew (Bourras et al, 2019). Pm12 and Pm21 have recently been found to be orthologous genes (Zhu et al, 2022). Distinct intramolecular interaction patterns and race specificities in the two orthologous resistance genes Pm12 and Pm21 were clearly demonstrated (Zhu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Race-specific Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Pm12 and Pm21 have recently been found to be orthologous genes (Zhu et al, 2022). Distinct intramolecular interaction patterns and race specificities in the two orthologous resistance genes Pm12 and Pm21 were clearly demonstrated (Zhu et al, 2022). Multiple alleles at the Pm2 locus have been discovered across a wide range of genotypes (Jin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Race-specific Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Combating powdery mildew: Advances in molecular interactions between Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and wheat

2022

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Wheat powdery mildew caused by a biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a widespread airborne disease which continues to threaten global wheat production. One of the most chemical-free and cost-effective approaches for the management of wheat powdery mildew is the exploitation of resistant cultivars. Accumulating evidence has reported that more than 100 powdery mildew resistance genes or alleles mapping to 63 different loci (Pm1-Pm68) have been identified from common wheat and its wild relatives, and only a few of them have been cloned so far. However, continuous emergence of new pathogen races with novel degrees of virulence renders wheat resistance genes ineffective. An essential breeding strategy for achieving more durable resistance is the pyramiding of resistance genes into a single genotype. The genetics of host-pathogen interactions integrated with temperature conditions and the interaction between resistance genes and their corresponding pathogen a virulence genes or other resistance genes within the wheat genome determine the expression of resistance genes. Considerable progress has been made in revealing Bgt pathogenesis mechanisms, identification of resistance genes and breeding of wheat powdery mildew resistant cultivars. A detailed understanding of the molecular interactions between wheat and Bgt will facilitate the development of novel and effective approaches for controlling powdery mildew. This review gives a succinct overview of the molecular basis of interactions between wheat and Bgt, and wheat defense mechanisms against Bgt infection. It will also unleash the unsung roles of epigenetic processes, autophagy and silicon in wheat resistance to Bgt.

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Section: Race-specific Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Race-specific Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Combating powdery mildew: Advances in molecular interactions between Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and wheat

2022

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“…To date, eighteen powdery mildew resistance ( Pm ) genes, Pm1a 4 , Pm2 5 , Pm3 6 , Pm4 7 , Pm5e 8 , Pm8 9 , Pm12 10 , Pm13 11 , Pm17 12 , Pm21 13 , 14 , Pm24 15 , Pm38/Yr18/Lr34/Sr57 16 , Pm41 17 , Pm46 / Yr46 / Lr67 / Sr55 18 , Pm57 19 , Pm60 20 , Pm69 21 and WTK4 22 have been cloned in wheat and its wild relatives. Most of them encode coiled coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat (NLR) proteins, except for Pm4 , Pm13 , Pm24 , WTK4 , Pm57 , Pm38/Yr18/Lr34/Sr57 , and Pm46 / Yr46 / Lr67 / Sr55 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A membrane associated tandem kinase from wild emmer wheat confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew

Li,

Zhang,

Xiao

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Crop wild relatives offer natural variations of disease resistance for crop improvement. Here, we report the isolation of broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm36, originated from wild emmer wheat, that encodes a tandem kinase with a transmembrane domain (WTK7-TM) through the combination of map-based cloning, PacBio SMRT long-read genome sequencing, mutagenesis, and transformation. Mutagenesis assay reveals that the two kinase domains and the transmembrane domain of WTK7-TM are critical for the powdery mildew resistance function. Consistently, in vitro phosphorylation assay shows that two kinase domains are indispensable for the kinase activity of WTK7-TM. Haplotype analysis uncovers that Pm36 is an orphan gene only present in a few wild emmer wheat, indicating its single ancient origin and potential contribution to the current wheat gene pool. Overall, our findings not only provide a powdery mildew resistance gene with great potential in wheat breeding but also sheds light into the mechanism underlying broad-spectrum resistance.

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“…Although more than 100 Pm genes/alleles have been identified in wheat and its wild relatives 4,5 , so far only 16 of them have been cloned and characterized. Most of these isolated Pm genes encode NLR immune receptors [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Only a few partial resistance genes have been identified including Pm38/Yr18/Lr34/Sr57 and Pm46/Yr46/Lr67/Sr55 encode an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and a hexose transporter 18,19 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 from Aegilops longissima encodes a unique mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein

Liu

Men

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wheat powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases threatening global wheat production. The wild relatives of wheat comprise rich sources of diversity for powdery mildew resistance. Here, we report map-based cloning of broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 from wild wheat species Aegilops longissima. Pm13 encodes a novel mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein which contains an N-terminal HeLo domain and a C-terminal authentic serine/threonine kinase (STK) domain, a unique domain architecture that has not been reported in plant disease-resistance genes. The resistance function of Pm13 was validated by loss-of-function mutants, gene silencing, transgenic assay, and allelic association analyses. Thus, Pm13 represents a special class of plant resistance genes revealing a novel aspect of host-pathogen interactions. Though introgressed into wheat ~30 years ago it was hardly exploited due to linkage drag. The new lines with small Ae. longissima Pm13 segment will lead to wide-scale deployment in wheat cultivars.

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Orthologous genes Pm12 and Pm21 from two wild relatives of wheat show evolutionary conservation but divergent powdery mildew resistance

Cited by 38 publications

References 79 publications

Combating powdery mildew: Advances in molecular interactions between Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and wheat

Combating powdery mildew: Advances in molecular interactions between Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and wheat

A membrane associated tandem kinase from wild emmer wheat confers broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew

Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 from Aegilops longissima encodes a unique mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein

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