Orthomorpha sp. — a new predatory millipede onAchatina fulica in Andamans

Srivastava, Pankaj; Srivastava, Yashdeep

doi:10.1007/bf02154173

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The trophic ecology of Diplopoda is well covered in the key myriapodology books of Hopkin & Read (1992) and Minelli (2015), which refer to them as generalists feeding on leaf litter colonised by fungi and bacteria. However, some species, genera and families have more specific diets, such as fungal mycelia, algae films, animal remains, other animals or crops (Srivastava & Srivastava, 1967; Hoffman & Payne, 1969; Ebregt et al ., 2005; Read & Enghoff, 2009). Diplopoda have a rather simple digestive system with large amounts of symbiotic microflora (Hopkin & Read, 1992) that produce cellulases facilitating the digestion of plant materials (Byzov, 2006; Farfan, 2010).…”

Section: Synopsis Of Feeding Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

et al. 2022

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Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. Soil ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on ecosystem functions and services. Simultaneous assessment of the functional roles of multiple taxa is possible using food‐web reconstructions, but our knowledge of the feeding habits of many taxa is insufficient and often based on limited evidence. Over the last two decades, molecular, biochemical and isotopic tools have improved our understanding of the feeding habits of various soil organisms, yet this knowledge is still to be synthesised into a common functional framework. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the feeding habits of consumers in soil, including protists, micro‐, meso‐ and macrofauna (invertebrates), and soil‐associated vertebrates. We have integrated existing functional group classifications with findings gained with novel methods and compiled an overarching classification across taxa focusing on key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection and hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights various strands of evidence that many functional groups commonly used in soil ecology and food‐web models are feeding on multiple types of food resources. In many cases, omnivory is observed down to the species level of taxonomic resolution, challenging realism of traditional soil food‐web models based on distinct resource‐based energy channels. Novel methods, such as stable isotope, fatty acid and DNA gut content analyses, have revealed previously hidden facets of trophic relationships of soil consumers, such as food assimilation, multichannel feeding across trophic levels, hidden trophic niche differentiation and the importance of alternative food/prey, as well as energy transfers across ecosystem compartments. Wider adoption of such tools and the development of open interoperable platforms that assemble morphological, ecological and trophic data as traits of soil taxa will enable the refinement and expansion of the multifunctional classification of consumers in soil. The compiled multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers will serve as a reference for ecologists working with biodiversity changes and biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, making soil food‐web research more accessible and reproducible.

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Section: Synopsis Of Feeding Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

et al. 2022

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“…Now that there is widespread trace fossil evidence for Ordovician myriapods on land (Retallack and Feakes, 1987;Johnson et al 1994;Trewin and McNamara 1995), the most persuasive arguments for early terrestrial herbivory come from observations that living millipedes have a diverse diet, including fresh plants (Ku Èhnelt 1976;Hopkin and Read 1992). Carnivory and scavenging have also been reported for living millipedes (Srivastava and Srivastava 1967;Hofman and Payne 1969), but¯esh eating does not appear sustainable by millipede digestive tracts (Schlu Èter 1980). Many millipedes consume their own exuviae after moulting (Hopkin and Read 1992).…”

Section: Comparisons With Extinct Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoyenia burrows from Ordovician palaeosols of the Juniata Formation in Pennsylvania

Retallack

2001

Palaeontology

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ABSTRACT. Scoyenia beerboweri is a new ichnospecies of burrow from the late Ordovician (Ashgill) Juniata Formation in central Pennsylvania, USA. The burrows are abundant in red calcareous palaeosols, and were created by animals living at the time of soil formation, because they are ®lled with red sediment like that of the palaeosol matrix, and both cut across, and are cut by, nodules of pedogenic carbonate. The isotopically light carbon and oxygen of carbonate in the palaeosols indicate a terrestrial ecosystem of well-drained¯oodplains in a tropical seasonally-dry semi-arid palaeoclimate. Back®ll layering within the burrows is evidence of a bilaterally symmetrical animal. Size distribution of the burrows reveals discontinuous growth, as found in arthropods. Ferruginized faecal pellets in the burrows indicate that they ingested sediment. For these reasons the burrows of Scoyenia beerboweri are most likely to be the work of millipedes. The nature of vegetation supporting them is unknown, although a single problematic plant-like fossil cast was found, and liverwort spores are widespread in rocks of this age. Vegetative biomass was limited judging from the degree of chemical weathering, extent of burial gleization and isotopic composition of carbon in the palaeosols. These distinctive respiration-dominated liverwort-millipede polsterlands lived at a time of global greenhouse climate, following Precambrian±Cambrian lichen-algal microbial earths and supplanted by Silurian brakelands of early vascular land plants.

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“…Diplopoda are typical soil decomposers, and are generally regarded as "primary destructors" of plant debris (Wardle 2002). Only relatively few species can consume green leaves, soil, tissues of dead and even living animals (Srivastava and Srivastava 1967, Hoffman and Payne 1969, Crawford 1992, Hopkin and Read 1992, Hashimoto et al 2004, Ebregt et al 2005, Golovatch and Kime 2009. Recent advances in the use of stable isotope analysis revealed a complex structure of saprotrophic animal communities in temperate forests (Pollierer et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of mandibles in relation to trophic niche differentiation in a tropical millipede community

Semenyuk¹,

Tiunov²,

Golovatch³

2011

IJM

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Isotopic composition of nitrogen in 19 species of Diplopoda from a tropical monsoon forest (Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam) which supports one of the most diverse millipede faunules globally (no less than 36 species from 17 families and 11 orders) forms a wide continuum of δ 15 N values ranging from -2.4 to +6.8‰. This suggests a trophic niche differentiation among species. Variation in mouthpart structure could presumably reflect the different foods consumed by species representing at least higher taxa (families and orders). The fine structure of the mandibles in ten sympatric, mostly even syntopic species of Diplopoda does differ considerably between the higher taxa, but neither at the generic nor species level. Neither clear-cut trends in nor evident morphological patterns of, nor significant correlations between the structure of mandibles in Diplopoda species that have different isotopic compositions of nitrogen and presumably exploit different food resources, have been revealed.

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Orthomorpha sp. — a new predatory millipede onAchatina fulica in Andamans

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

Scoyenia burrows from Ordovician palaeosols of the Juniata Formation in Pennsylvania

Structure of mandibles in relation to trophic niche differentiation in a tropical millipede community

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