For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N-Bromotaurine or N-Chlorotaurine) can induce robust and efficient responses against inflammatory diseases, providing insight into their molecular mechanisms. We also provide information about the use of taurine as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Taurine can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs, not only mediating durable responses in various malignancies, but also circumventing the limitations met from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, the lncRNA TUG1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach, which can overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to selected strategies. In this regard, we can translate basic knowledge about taurine and its TUG1 lncRNA into potential therapeutic options directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets, thereby bridging the gap between bench and bedside. Contents 1. The role of taurine in inflammation 2. Formation of taurine haloamines 3. Anti-microbial properties of taurine haloamines 4. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of taurine haloamines 5. Therapeutic perspectives and clinical studies 6. Significance of lncRNA TUG1 lncRNA in cancer 7. The association of lncRNA TUG1 and chemoresistance 8. The role of taurine or lncRNA TUG1 as a prognostic marker 9. Conclusions