Orthopedic Manifestations of Disseminated Cryptococcal neoformans Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient: a Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Cryptococccus neoformans is a fungus which typically presents in immunocompromised hosts, commonly presenting as meningoencephalitis. There have been very few documented incidents of intramuscular manifestations of this pathogen. Case Report: We report on a case of a 45-year-old caucasian male with disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans who developed cryptococcal intramuscular abscesses of all extremities and osteomyelitis of the left upper limb. Clinical treatment and surgical debridement of the forearm was performed. Persistent infection resulted in a left humeral amputation and ultimately the patient’s death. This is one of the few documented intramuscular abscesses of Cryptococcus neoformans. Conclusion: Orthopedic manifestations of cryptococcal infections are rare; however, awareness and prompt diagnosis may improve outcomes. Keywords: Immunocompromised, Cryptococcus neoformans, intramuscular abscesses, Osteomyelitis.