Orthopoxvirus neutralising antibodies in small cetaceans from the Southeast Pacific

Bressem, M.-F. Van; Waerebeek, Koen Van; Bennett, Malcolm

doi:10.5597/lajam00091

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There is also likely to be antigenic cross-reactivity between CPVs and orthopoxviruses as it has previously been shown that serum from Peruvian odontocetes is able to neutralise orthopoxvirus infectivity [23]. In the phylogenetic trees for the concatenated DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase I sequences, all the samples from UK P. phocoena grouped together in a lineage separate from the UK, US and HK Delphinidae isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Characterization of Poxviruses Associated with Tattoo Skin Lesions in UK Cetaceans

Blacklaws

Gajda

Tippelt³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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There is increasing concern for the well-being of cetacean populations around the UK. Tattoo skin disease (characterised by irregular, grey, black or yellowish, stippled cutaneous lesions) caused by poxvirus infection is a potential health indicatora potential health indicator for cetaceans. Limited sequence data indicates that cetacean poxviruses (CPVs) belong to an unassigned genus of the Chordopoxvirinae. To obtain further insight into the phylogenetic relationships between CPV and other Chordopoxvirinae members we partially characterized viral DNA originating from tattoo lesions collected in Delphinidae and Phocoenidae stranded along the UK coastline in 1998–2008. We also evaluated the presence of CPV in skin lesions other than tattoos to examine specificity and sensitivity of visual diagnosis. After DNA extraction, regions of the DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase I genes were amplified by PCR, sequenced and compared with other isolates. The presence of CPV DNA was demonstrated in tattoos from one striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), eight harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and one short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and in one ‘dubious tattoo’ lesion detected in one other porpoise. Seventeen of the 18 PCR positive skin lesions had been visually identified as tattoos and one as a dubious tattoo. None of the other skin lesions were PCR positive. Thus, visual identification had a 94.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The DNA polymerase PCR was most effective in detecting CPV DNA. Limited sequence phylogeny grouped the UK samples within the odontocete poxviruses (CPV group 1) and indicated that two different poxvirus lineages infect the Phocoenidae and the Delphinidae. The phylogenetic tree had three major branches: one with the UK Phocoenidae viruses, one with the Delphinidae isolates and one for the mysticete poxvirus (CPV group 2). This implies a radiation of poxviruses according to the host suborder and the families within these suborders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular Characterization of Poxviruses Associated with Tattoo Skin Lesions in UK Cetaceans

Blacklaws

Gajda

Tippelt³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Serum antibodies against dolphin morbillivirus were detected in 3 of 6 offshore specimens (Van Bressem et al 1998). Cowpox virus neutralizing antibodies were reactive in 6 offshore dolphins tested (Van Bressem et al 2006). Finally, serum antibodies against Brucella spp.…”

Section: Other Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation in Dorsal Fin Morphology in Common Bottlenose DolphinTursiops truncatus(Cetacea: Delphinidae) Populations from the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Félix

Waerebeek

Sanino³

et al. 2018

Pacific Science

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We succinctly summarize population ID information for common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus of the Pacific coast of South America, covering four coastal range states. Phylogenetic uncertainties relate primarily to offshore vs. coastal (inshore) ecotypes and biogeographic borders between the five proposed populations (2 offshore, 3 coastal): Colombia-Ecuador Offshore stock (probably = ETP Offshore), Peru-Chile Offshore, Ecuador Coastal, Peru Coastal and an unique community (Pod-R) on the north-central coast of Chile. Main questions concern the extent of gene flow between the offshore stocks at one hand, and with -and between-the three coastal populations at the other hand. Seven cranial characters, four non-metric (separation of occipital condyles, pterygoid bone development, exostosis of periotic) and three metric (tooth width, antorbital process length, maximum width palatines), dorsal fin shape, body stockiness, mt-DNA (control region), habitat, prey composition, parasite load, behaviour and prevalence of some infectious diseases differentiate coastal from offshore forms. 'Pod-R' is the southernmost (29°15'S) and only confirmed coastal form community in Chilean waters, albeit with an offshore (falcate) dorsal fin. Bottlenose dolphins which regularly transit nearshore in the Lagos and Aysén regions (Chilean Patagonia) and occasionally enter deep fjords, present an offshore morphotype. We suggest that two other coastal areas in Chile where bottlenose dolphins have been documented over decades, one a ca. 60 km stretch of coastline centered at Valparaiso/Laguna Verde (33°10'S) in central Chile, and a 190 km coastline around the Mejillones Peninsula (23°10'S) in northern Chile, may not host coastal but offshore form animals. The continental border of the Atacama Trench off northern and northcentral Chile leaves an extremely narrow, steep shelf with nearshore deep water, locally with strong coastal upwelling and increased productivity. This habitat seems to attract oceanic cetaceans, including offshore T. truncatus, sperm whales, large balaenopterids, and other species. The southern distribution range of true coastal morphotype bottlenose dolphins in Pacific South America remains unknown but off Chile distance-to-shore may not be the reliable indicator of ecotype as it is further north in the study region.

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“…Poxviruses affecting Delphinidae and Phocoenidae belong to different species (Pearce et al 2008). They are thought to induce humoral immunity that protects neonates and young calves from the disease (Smith et al 1983, Van Bressem & Van Waerebeek 1996, Van Bressem et al 2006a). Published and unpublished observations of tattoo occurrence linked to age-growth data suggest that passive immunity in Peruvian dusky dolphins Lagenorhynchus obscurus and Burmeister's porpoises Phocoena spinipinnis as well as in T. truncatus from the Sado Estuary, Portugal, lasts at least until 6 to 9 mo of age (Van Bressem & Van Waerebeek 1996, Chávez-Lisambart 1998, Van Bressem et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological pattern of tattoo skin disease: a potential general health indicator for cetaceans

Bressem¹,

Waerebeek²,

Aznar³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Orthopoxvirus neutralising antibodies in small cetaceans from the Southeast Pacific

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Molecular Characterization of Poxviruses Associated with Tattoo Skin Lesions in UK Cetaceans

Molecular Characterization of Poxviruses Associated with Tattoo Skin Lesions in UK Cetaceans

Variation in Dorsal Fin Morphology in Common Bottlenose DolphinTursiops truncatus(Cetacea: Delphinidae) Populations from the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Epidemiological pattern of tattoo skin disease: a potential general health indicator for cetaceans

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