Oryzanol Attenuates High Fat and Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating the Gut Microbiome and Amino Acid Metabolism

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is intricately associated with the dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. This study explored the antihyperlipidemic function of oryzanol and investigated whether the function of oryzanol affected the gut microbiome and its related metabolites. Hamsters were fed a standard diet (Control) and a high fat and cholesterol (HFCD) diet with or without oryzanol, separately. Our results showed that oryzanol significantly decreased HFCD-induced fat accumulation, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, triglyceride, and liver steatohepatitis, attenuated HFCD-induced gut microbiota alterations, and altered amino acid concentrations in feces and the liver. We investigated the role of the gut microbiota in the observed beneficial effects; the protective effects of oryzanol were partly diminished by suppressing the gut bacteria of hamsters after using antibiotics. A fecal microbiota transplantation experiment was carried out by transplanting the feces from HFCD group hamsters or hamsters given oryzanol supplementation (as a donor hamster). Our results showed that administering the fecal liquid from oryzanol-treated hamsters attenuated HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia, significantly decreased the abundance of norank_f__Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f__Eubacteriaceae, and norank_f__Oscillospiraceae and the concentration of tyrosine. These outcomes are significantly positively correlated with serum lipid concentration. This study illustrated that gut microbiota is the target of oryzanol in the antihyperlipidemic effect.

Whole grain germinated brown rice intake modulates the gut microbiota and alleviates hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in high fat diet-fed mice

“…Whole grain foods have beneficial effects in preventing or mitigating HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. [31][32][33][34] Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are two major phyla in the gut that play important roles in regulating host glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Among these, Firmicutes can inhibit or eliminate the growth of Clostridium perfringens to restore gut homeostasis.…”

Laminaria Japonica Polysaccharide Improved the Productivities and Systemic Health of Ducks by Mediating the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome

“…The intestine’s health plays an important role in nutrient absorption . The intestinal morphological development was generally evaluated by determining the villus height, crypt depth, and V/C .…”

“…After an 18-feeding experiment, when the ducks were at 39 days of age, 10 healthy ducks from each treatment (1 duck/cage) were randomly taken and sacrificed for collecting samples. Before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the wing veins of the ducks to determine serum biochemical and immune indices primarily regarding high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), and serum IgA and IgG, according to the methods depicted by Li et al 20 and Yan et al 21 After neck bloodletting and slaughter, the blood and liver samples were collected to determine the antioxidant status (T-AOC and CAT) and physiological health indicators of ducks. Abdominal fat was collected and weighed.…”

“…The intestine's health plays an important role in nutrient absorption. 21 The intestinal morphological development was generally evaluated by determining the villus height, crypt depth, and V/C. 28 The crypt is the place where intestinal cells proliferate and differentiate, and it differentiates continuously from the base to the villi, promoting villi growth.…”

Novel Synthesis of Phytosterol Ferulate Using Acidic Ionic Liquids as a Catalyst and Its Hypolipidemic Activity

“…Oryzanol is a mixture of ferulic acid esters of phytosterols and triterpenoids. , As one component in oryzanol, PF is quantitively minor, and its cholesterol-lowering activity has not been explored. The present study was the first time to report an efficient method in the synthesis of PF using acidic ILs as a catalyst and explore its lipid-lowering potency in C57BL/6J mice.…”