OsCAND1 Is Required for Crown Root Emergence in Rice

Wang, Xiaofei; He, Fen-Fang; Ma, Xiaoxia; Mao, Chuanzao; Hodgman, Charlie; Lu, Chungui; Wu, Ping

doi:10.1093/mp/ssq068

Cited by 77 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Identification and characterization of genes affecting crown root initiation, emergence, and elongation process in rice have contributed to our increasing understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying crown root development Liu et al, 2005;Kitomi et al, 2008Kitomi et al, , 2011bZhao et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011). However, it is not clear what these crown root regulators interact with and how the interacting factors regulate crown root formation.…”

Section: Erf3 Participates In Both the Initiation And Elongation Procmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, organization and cell differentiation processes in root development have been well characterized in Arabidopsis (reviewed in Scheres, 2002). During rice root morphogenesis, several developmental stages can be clearly distinguished, including crown root initiation, emergence, and elongation (Itoh et al, 2005;Coudert et al, 2010;Kitomi et al, 2011b;Wang et al, 2011). Although several key genes have been identified and characterized in the regulation of crown root development Liu et al, 2005;Kitomi et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2009), the molecular mechanisms of crown root formation and the functional relationship between these genes are not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arabidopsis lateral root regulatory genes LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18 (LBD16/ASL18) and LBD29/ASL16 are reported to function downstream of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)-and ARF19-dependent auxin signaling (Okushima et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2009;Goh et al, 2012). In rice, mutants or knockdown transgenic plants of genes involved in auxin signaling pathways and/or polar auxin transport (e.g., CROWN ROOTLESS1 [CRL1]/ADVENTITIOUS ROOTLESS1 [ARL1], CRL4/ GNOM1, CAND1, PIN1, CRL5, Aux/IAA3, and MANNOSYL-OLIGOSACCHARIDE GLUCOSIDASE) display reduced or no crown root phenotypes Liu et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2005;Nakamura et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2009;Kitomi et al, 2011a;Wang et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014). In addition, a gain-of-function mutation of IAA11 affects lateral root development in rice (Nakamura et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interaction between Rice ERF3 and WOX11 Promotes Crown Root Development by Regulating Gene Expression Involved in Cytokinin Signaling

et al. 2015

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Crown roots are the main components of the fibrous root system in rice (Oryza sativa). WOX11, a WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene specifically expressed in the emerging crown root meristem, is a key regulator in crown root development. However, the nature of WOX11 function in crown root development has remained elusive. Here, we identified a rice AP2/ERF protein, ERF3, which interacts with WOX11 and was expressed in crown root initials and during crown root growth. Functional analysis revealed that ERF3 was essential for crown root development and acts in auxin-and cytokinin-responsive gene expression. Downregulation of ERF3 in wox11 mutants produced a more severe root phenotype. Also, increased expression of ERF3 could partially complement wox11, indicating that the two genes functioned cooperatively to regulate crown root development. ERF3 and WOX11 shared a common target, the cytokinin-responsive gene RR2. The expression of ERF3 and WOX11 only partially overlapped, underlining a spatio-temporal control of RR2 expression and crown root development. Furthermore, ERF3-regulated RR2 expression was involved in crown root initiation, while the ERF3/WOX11 interaction likely repressed RR2 during crown root elongation. These results define a mechanism regulating gene expression involved in cytokinin signaling during different stages of crown root development in rice.

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Section: Erf3 Participates In Both the Initiation And Elongation Procmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interaction between Rice ERF3 and WOX11 Promotes Crown Root Development by Regulating Gene Expression Involved in Cytokinin Signaling

et al. 2015

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“…For example, GRMZM2G311883 is a gene homologous to Arabidopsis MODIFIER OF SNC1-1 14 (MOS14), which is known to form a link between splicing and RNAdependent DNA methylation . Also, genes involved in cell cycle regulation, such as CYCD4, APC10, TIP120-encoding (Wang et al, 2011b), FORMIN8-like (Xue et al, 2011), and AUGMIN6-like (Hotta et al, 2012), are represented in the data set, as are developmental processes affecting the vasculature (Petricka et al, 2008), meristem maintenance , and cell shape and plant architecture (O'Hara et al, 2013). Several genes that are differentially methylated in the older zones play a known role in development.…”

Section: Differential Methylation Along the Developing Maize Leaf Potmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Methylation during Maize Leaf Growth Targets Developmentally Regulated Genes

et al. 2014

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DNA methylation is an important and widespread epigenetic modification in plant genomes, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DMTs). DNA methylation is known to play a role in genome protection, regulation of gene expression, and splicing and was previously associated with major developmental reprogramming in plants, such as vernalization and transition to flowering. Here, we show that DNA methylation also controls the growth processes of cell division and cell expansion within a growing organ. The maize (Zea mays) leaf offers a great tool to study growth processes, as the cells progressively move through the spatial gradient encompassing the division zone, transition zone, elongation zone, and mature zone. Opposite to de novo DMTs, the maintenance DMTs were transcriptionally regulated throughout the growth zone of the maize leaf, concomitant with differential CCGG methylation levels in the four zones. Surprisingly, the majority of differentially methylated sequences mapped on or close to gene bodies and not to repeat-rich loci. Moreover, especially the 59 and 39 regions of genes, which show overall low methylation levels, underwent differential methylation in a developmental context. Genes involved in processes such as chromatin remodeling, cell cycle progression, and growth regulation, were differentially methylated. The presence of differential methylation located upstream of the gene anticorrelated with transcript expression, while gene body differential methylation was unrelated to the expression level. These data indicate that DNA methylation is correlated with the decision to exit mitotic cell division and to enter cell expansion, which adds a new epigenetic level to the regulation of growth processes.DNA methylation is the covalent modification of nucleotides in DNA by the addition of a methyl group. In the nuclear genome of higher eukaryotes, 5-methylcytosine is the most important DNA modification (Goll and Bestor, 2005). It is a phenomenon of ancient origin predating plant-animal diversification. However, some differences exist between plant and animal methylome patterning and function, and DNA methylation has been found to be evolutionarily lost in a few species (Feng et al., 2010;Zemach et al., 2010). Eukaryotic DNA methylation is established by DNA methyltransferase (DMT) enzymes that transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl Met to the fifth carbon of cytosine. These enzymes can largely be subdivided in maintenance and de novo DMTs, depending on whether the recognition site is already methylated or not. Maintenance DMTs conserve the methylation status of symmetrical (palindromic) sites after DNA replication, by recognizing the hemimethylated locus and methylating the newly synthesized strand. In plants, there are two types of maintenance DMTs: DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE (MET) and CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT). The former methylates CG sites during DNA replication, whereas the latter methylates CHG (H = A, C, or T) sites located in chromatin in which histone 3 is dimethylated on Lys-9 (Goll and Bestor, 2005). De no...

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“…Crown root primordia initiation is strongly inhibited in the crl4/gnom1 mutants. Furthermore, OsCAND1, a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CAND1, is involved in auxin signaling to maintain the G2/M cell cycle transition in crown root meristem and, consequently, the emergence of crown roots (Wang et al, 2011b). Moreover, overexpression of the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUCCA1 promotes crown root formation (Yamamoto et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE4 Integrates Cytokinin and Auxin Signaling to Control Rice Crown Root Formation

et al. 2014

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Crown roots constitute the majority of the rice (Oryza sativa) root system and play an important role in rice growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism of crown root formation in rice is not well understood. Here, we characterized a rice dominant mutant, root enhancer1 (ren1-D), which was observed to exhibit a more robust root system, increased crown root number, and reduced plant height. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that these phenotypes are caused by the activation of a cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) family gene, OsCKX4. Subcellular localization demonstrated that OsCKX4 is a cytosolic isoform of CKX. OsCKX4 is predominantly expressed in leaf blades and roots. It is the dominant CKX, preferentially expressed in the shoot base where crown root primordia are produced, underlining its role in root initiation. OsCKX4 is induced by exogenous auxin and cytokinin in the roots. Furthermore, one-hybrid assays revealed that OsCKX4 is a direct binding target of both the auxin response factor OsARF25 and the cytokinin response regulators OsRR2 and OsRR3. Overexpression and RNA interference of OsCKX4 confirmed that OsCKX4 plays a positive role in crown root formation. Moreover, expression analysis revealed a significant alteration in the expression of auxin-related genes in the ren1-D mutants, indicating that the OsCKX4 mediates crown root development by integrating the interaction between cytokinin and auxin. Transgenic plants harboring OsCKX4 under the control of the root-specific promoter RCc3 displayed enhanced root development without affecting their shoot parts, suggesting that this strategy could be a powerful tool in rice root engineering.

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OsCAND1 Is Required for Crown Root Emergence in Rice

Cited by 77 publications

References 42 publications

The Interaction between Rice ERF3 and WOX11 Promotes Crown Root Development by Regulating Gene Expression Involved in Cytokinin Signaling

The Interaction between Rice ERF3 and WOX11 Promotes Crown Root Development by Regulating Gene Expression Involved in Cytokinin Signaling

Differential Methylation during Maize Leaf Growth Targets Developmentally Regulated Genes

CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE4 Integrates Cytokinin and Auxin Signaling to Control Rice Crown Root Formation

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