Oscillating meanings of the Nordic model: ideas and the welfare state in Finland and Sweden

Abstract

The future of the Nordic model of welfare has been widely debated in the academic literature. Some argue that the Nordic model is not sustainable under the conditions of globalization, while others argue that the way in which the Nordic model has produced long-term stability under uncertain structural conditions is evidence of the opposite. This article advances a different perspective through analyzing discourses and frameworks of meaning associated with the Nordic model, using Sweden and Finland as cases. Based on semi-structured elite interviews, I argue that while there is a consensus on the benefits of maintaining a Nordic model, the very ideas concerning the value foundations and institutional architecture of the model differ greatly between elites. There exists a variety of legitimate ideas associated with the Nordic model and, consequently, these approaches, all of which claim ownership of the term, represent legitimate facets of it, even when they initially would seem to contradict each other.

Social Integration and Psychological Wellbeing in a Sample of the Swedish-speaking Minority of Western Finland

“…Individuals in this population have been brought up in a cultural and social environment that adheres to egalitarianism, democracy, social integration, and inclusion. It values social progression, individualism as well as participation in the community (Kuisma, 2017;Vihriälä & Valkonen, 2014). The promotion of a healthy society through equality in formal and informal settings, both at a state and grassroots level, is one of the factors influencing psychological health within the studied sample.…”

“…Finland is an egalitarian and democratic welfare state adhering to the principles of the so-called Nordic Welfare Model, which ensures long-term social and economic stability to its citizens (Kuisma, 2017). This model pays attention to social integration, social cohesion and inclusion, in addition to a high standard of living, small income disparities, promotion of social mobility, sound public finances, and an emphasis on the environment (Vihriälä & Valkonen, 2014).…”

Nordic social democrats: Still Europe's progressive vanguards?

“…The roots of their difficulties in strategically positioning themselves can be found in the unfortunate failures of the Third Way (see also Belfrage & Kuisma, 2017). It also becomes apparent that the very idea of the 'Nordic Model' has oscillating qualities, which means that many parties of different political denominations can appropriate it for their own purposes (Kuisma, 2017).…”

A case for trans-local police governance

“…Although there is not one uniform ‘Nordic model’, certain common features across Nordic countries support their categorization as ‘Nordic welfare states’ (see, for example, Esping-Andersen, 1997; Kuisma, 2017). The best-known elements of the model are a large public sector and widely available tax-financed welfare benefits and services.…”