Osmolality of Excipients for Parenteral Formulation Measured by Freezing Point Depression and Vapor Pressure – A Comparative Analysis

Silva, Mariana Hugo; Hudson, Sarah P.; Tajber, Lidia; Garin, Matthieu; Dong, Wenyu; Khamiakova, Tatsiana; Holm, René

doi:10.1007/s11095-022-03262-6

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Serum osmolality is very precisely regulated by altering the amount of sodium and water excreted from the body and is maintained in a narrow range 275 to 295 mOsm/kg H 2 O [9] . Osmolality can be measured (O meas ) using the phenomenon of changing the properties of a solvent, like freezing point, boiling point or vapour pressure, due to osmotically active substances dissolved [10] [11] . In many laboratories it is not possible to measure osmolality directly, therefore serum osmolarity is calculated (O cal ) by different formulas, usually taking into account the concentration of osmotically active substances present in the plasma, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of serum osmolarity calculation in small children

Berska¹,

Bugajska²,

Sztefko³

2023

J Med Biochemistry

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Background. Serum osmolality can be measured (Omeas) or calculated (Ocal). Many formulas for Ocal have been already published, but data regarding the most accurate equation in small babies is not available. Thus, we aim to compare Omeas and Ocal obtained by different formulas in newborns and small children. Methods. The study included 280 serum samples taken from children, from the first day of life to 2 years (mean age 8.2 ± 7.6 months) treated in the University Children’s Hospital in Krakow. The serum osmolality was measured by osmometer and calculated by 8 common formulas. Results. The mean value of Omeas (285.8±5.1 mOsm/kgH2O) was significantly different as compared to the mean values of Ocal (p<0.01) for all formulas, except Ocal obtained by the formula: 1.86*(Na+K)+1.15*Glu+Urea+14. According to Bland-Altman analysis, this formula showed the best performance for estimating osmolality. In children under 3 months of life Passing-Bablok regression indicated both systematic and proportional error for results obtained by each formula compared to the measured values. Conclusions. To calculate osmolarity in children aged between 3 months and 2 years old the following equations: 1.86*(Na+K)+1.15*Glu+Urea+14 might be used, whereas serum osmolality in children up to 3 month of life should be measured.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of serum osmolarity calculation in small children

Berska¹,

Bugajska²,

Sztefko³

2023

J Med Biochemistry

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show abstract

“…The preparation of LAIs is comprised of a wide range of different formulation techniques where the main formulation groups consist of in situ gels, implants, oil-based formulations, polymeric microspheres, and aqueous suspensions of crystalline drug particle in micron to submicron range [1,7]. Several LAIs based on these technologies have been regulatory approved and are used for the treatment of different diseases such as schizophrenia (e.g., Risperdal Consta® and Invega Sustenna®) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (e.g., Vocabria®) [1,5,6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%