Osmolality of mammalian blood and of media for culture of mammalian cells

Waymouth, Charity

doi:10.1007/bf02616113

Cited by 157 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…From this standpoint, various physiological buffers such as Hank's balanced salts solution, Kreb's bicarbonate buffer, Earle's balanced salts solution, etc. with suitable modifications have potential for application to such studies [49,50]. Consideration of pH and osmolality changes of the media as a function of time, however, will be necessary [51].…”

Section: Methods Development and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling in vitro drug release from subcutaneous implants: a review of current status and potential implications on drug product development

Iyer¹,

Barr²,

Karnes³

2006

Biopharm & Drug Disp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review presents current methods and strategies for studying the release characteristics of drugs from subcutaneous implant dosage forms. Implants are dosage forms that are subcutaneously placed with the aid of surgery or a hypodermic needle, and are designed to release drugs over a prolonged period of time. In most cases, the objective of a release test is to identify sufficiently discriminatory procedures that in turn would provide data to set meaningful specifications. Additional information obtained from successful in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVC) and accelerated drug release tests are extremely useful during drug product development.Although several workers have employed different methods to monitor drug release from these dosage forms, the use of the compendial Apparatus 4 (flow-through) device has been recommended in a publication on FIP/AAPS Guidelines for drug release testing of modified release dosage forms. However, most of method development with this device has focused on oral immediate or controlled release dosage forms and little published information is available on implants. Two recent reports on workshops provide useful information on methods to evaluate drug release from controlled-release parenterals such as implants, including IVIVC and accelerated release testing. Details on such studies, however, are generally not found in the literature; possibly because of the high proprietary value of methodologies for establishing release specifications of implant dosage forms. This article reviews the current status of methodologies used in the investigation of drug release from subcutaneous implants with an emphasis on mechanistic, product development and regulatory perspectives.

show abstract

Section: Methods Development and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling in vitro drug release from subcutaneous implants: a review of current status and potential implications on drug product development

Iyer¹,

Barr²,

Karnes³

2006

Biopharm & Drug Disp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A solution of 320 mM urea is isoosmotic with 155 mM NaCl, but not in this case isotonic, because the erythrocyte membrane is permeable to urea, which therefore exerts no osmotic pressure on the cell." 14 …”

Section: Isotonicity and Iso-osmalaritymentioning

confidence: 97%

Salt Solutions

Gill¹

2012

Cytopreparation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Similarly, porcine oviductal fluid is reportedly $320 mOsM (Li et al, 2007) while that of rat is $290 mOsM (Waring, 1976). Each species' oviductal fluid is thus essentially isoosmotic to blood in the same species (Waymouth, 1970;Williams et al, 1972;Knudsen et al, 1979) and thus not hypotonic, like the newer culture media had been.…”

Section: Embryo Development At Normal In Vivo Osmolaritymentioning

confidence: 98%

Cell volume regulation in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Baltz

Zhou

2012

Molecular Reproduction Devel

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe earliest stages of preimplantation embryos are particularly sensitive to increased osmolarity, even within the physiological range. This sensitivity contributed to persistent developmental arrest, even when embryos were cultured in vitro in older, conditioned culture media, and seems to arise when embryos at the 1-and 2-cell stages accumulate inorganic ions used for cell volume homeostasis at too high a level, through activation of coupled Na þ /H þ and HCO 3 À /Cl À exchange. Such accumulation of inorganic ions can be disruptive since, above a certain level, the increased ionic strength disrupts cellular biochemistry and macromolecular functions and alters membrane potential. To counter this, embryos have evolved mechanisms of cell volume regulation that are unique to early preimplantation embryogenesis. The primary role of these is glycine accumulation via the GLYT1 transporter, with a secondary contribution by betaine accumulation via the SIT1 transporter. Independent cell-volume regulation first arises in the oocyte only after ovulation is triggered, when the strong oocyte-zona pellucida adhesion present in germinal vesicle stage oocytes in the ovarian follicle is released and GLYT1 becomes activated to begin accumulating glycine. Open questions still remain regarding how these processes are regulated.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 821-831, 2012. ß

show abstract

Osmolality of mammalian blood and of media for culture of mammalian cells

Cited by 157 publications

References 88 publications

Profiling in vitro drug release from subcutaneous implants: a review of current status and potential implications on drug product development

Profiling in vitro drug release from subcutaneous implants: a review of current status and potential implications on drug product development

Salt Solutions

Cell volume regulation in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About