Osmolar relationship between enlarged umbilical cord and patent urachus

The giant umbilical cord: an unusual presentation of a patent urachus

“…[1][2][3][4] However, all of these cases are associated with a patent urachus. Ente et al 1 reported 2 cases of infants presenting with large urachal leaks.…”

Umbilical Cord Cysts of Allantoic and Omphalomesenteric Remnants with Progressive Umbilical Cord Edema: A Case Report

“…The relationship between a patent urachus and umbilical cord swelling was studied experimentally, and it was found that the flow of urine to the patent urachus can cause umbilical cord edema due to the difference in osmolarity between urine and Wharton's jelly [12] . It is important that cord edema is associated with a patent urachus [21,22] .…”

“…The exact mechanism of pseudocyst formation remains unknown. Mucoid degeneration by reflex of urine into Wharton's jelly through the urachus can cause a pseudocyst [12] , in addition to liquefaction of hematomas or thrombi in the cord.…”

Giant Umbilical Cord with Pericentric Inversion of Chromosome 9: A Case Report

“…Enlargement occurred in the umbilical cords infused with distilled water or 0/9% saline. Tsuchida and Ishida concluded that prolonged reflux of fetal urine into the umbilical cord, via a patent urachus, caused umbilical cord swelling [4]. Patent urachus arises from incomplete regression of the connection between the cloaca, which is the future bladder, and the allantois, which ist he extra embryonic urinary bladder [6].…”

“…A review of the literature showed that the finding of a giant umbilical cord is a patho gnomonic sign for the presence of a patent urachus, which requires surgical intervention, and only a few related case series have been published thus far [1][2][3][4][5][6] (Table 1). The exact etiology of the giant umbilical cord, however, remains unknown.…”