Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Ackerson, Robert C.; Hebert, Richard R.

doi:10.1104/pp.67.3.484

Cited by 134 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Based on plant height measurements, the two phosphorus fertility regimes did not differentially affect growth. Acclimated plants were shorter than the appropriate controls following cessation of the stress cycles as previously noted (3). RESULTS Phosphorus (P) fertility level did not significantly alter the relationship between leaf turgor and leaf water potential (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Plants were thinned to two per pot after emergence. Conditions in the controlled environment chamber used for plant growth were as previously described (2,3). Plants were watered twice daily; once with Hoagland complete nutrient solution and once with deionized H20.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water potentials and osmotic potentials were determined with isopiestic thermocouple psychrometers (4) as previously described (1)(2)(3). Procedures for diffusion porometry and for measurement of photosynthesis, and determination of glucose, sucrose, and starch levels in the leaves were described earlier (1)(2)(3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cotton leaves accumulate starch as a consequence of water stress acclimation (2,3). Moreover, water stress significantly depresses phosphorus uptake (5, 7, 16) and low cellular Pi levels lead to starch accumulation in isolated chloroplasts and leaves (6,8,9,11).…”

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Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Ackerson¹

1985

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACrCotton (Gossypium hirsutum) (L.) was grown in a sand and nutrient solution system at two levels of phosphorus (0.5 and 5.0 millimolar). Within each phosphorus treatment, plants were either watered daily or acclimated to water stress by subjection to several water stress cycles.Stress acclimation increased leaf starch at the low phosphorus level, but not at the high phosphorus level. High phosphorus increased leaf sucrose and glucose concentration in both acclimated and nonacclimated plants, but had little effect on osmotic adjustment or the relationship between turgor and water potential.In nonacclimated plants, high phosphorus increased both leaf conductance and photosynthesis at high water potentials. In acclimated plants, high phosphorus increased photosynthesis but decreased conductance, thus increasing water use efficiency at the single leaf level.Recent evidence suggests that the partitioning of photosynthetically fixed carbon between sucrose and starch may be regulated by cellular Pi levels (6, 8, 9, 1 1). Cotton leaves accumulate starch as a consequence of water stress acclimation (2, 3). Moreover, water stress significantly depresses phosphorus uptake (5, 7, 16) and low cellular Pi levels lead to starch accumulation in isolated chloroplasts and leaves (6, 8, 9, 11). Consequently, phosphorus fertility may play a role in altering the response of plants to water stress by changing the ratio of starch to soluble sugars in leaf cells.The influence of phosphorus fertility on internal water relations, leaf conductance, photosynthesis, and cellular carbohydrates in cotton is reported in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant Culture. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. Tamcot SP37) was grown in 2 1-cm diameter plastic pots containing sand. Plants were thinned to two per pot after emergence. Conditions in the controlled environment chamber used for plant growth were as previously described (2, Five days after the last stress cycle, all plants were subjected to dehydration. During this dehydration period, data were obtained from leaves at nodes 6 and 7.Water Potential Leaf Conductance, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Carbohydrates. Water potentials and osmotic potentials were determined with isopiestic thermocouple psychrometers (4) as previously described (1-3). Procedures for diffusion porometry and for measurement of photosynthesis, and determination of glucose, sucrose, and starch levels in the leaves were described earlier (1-3).The data reported represent the combined results of three experiments. Based on plant height measurements, the two phosphorus fertility regimes did not differentially affect growth. Acclimated plants were shorter than the appropriate controls following cessation of the stress cycles as previously noted (3). RESULTS Phosphorus (P) fertility level did not significantly alter the relationship between leaf turgor and leaf water potential (Fig. 1). At any given water potential, plants grown on 5.0 mM P maintained leaf pressure potentials 0.5 to 1.0 bars higher than plants grown on 0.5 mM P. A...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Ackerson¹

1985

Plant Physiol.

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“…Maintenance of export capacity in stress-adapted plants has been documented previously (2,27). Export rate was "buffered" by mobilization of reserves (e.g., starch) when CERs were low (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Plants Grown in the Field at Different CO₂ Levels

Rogers¹,

Mowry²

1984

Plant Physiol.

124

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The effects of water stress and CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, assimilate export, and sucrose-P synthase activity were examined in field grown soybean plants. In general, leaves of plants grown in C02-enriched atmospheres (300 microliters per liter above unenriched control, which was 349 ± 12 microliters per liter between 0500 and 1900 hours EST over the entire season) had higher carbon exchange rates (CER) weight accumulation of leaves during the light period (28), provides an estimate of the rate of photosynthetic sucrose formation in situ. When CER is restricted (e.g. low irradiance), export rate can be maintained by mobilization of reserves (9-11). One of the principal determinants of export rate is leaf sucrose concentration (7,9,23), which is a function of both CER and the partitioning of carbon among end products.The enzyme SPS may be involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in leaves in two different ways (14). SPS is activated by glucose-6-P and inhibited by Pi (6), and the concentration of these metabolites changes as a function of CER (26). Thus, metabolic regulation of SPS may coordinate the rate of sucrose formation in the cytosol with the rate of C-assimilation in the chloroplast when CERs are low. However, when CER is high (light-saturated), sucrose formation may be limited by the maximum activity of SPS (12,13,24,25). Consequently, short-term CO2 enrichment of soybean plants did not result in increased rates of export even though CER was increased (14).In addition to using CO2 enrichment as a system to study carbon partitioning (14) and the interaction between C and N metabolism (8), the long-term effects of CO2 supply are also of interest because global CO2 is increasing (16). In particular, plant growth is often enhanced by CO2 enrichment, but the effects are not necessarily related to sustained increases in CER (20). Rather, increased water use efficiency may also be involved (16,20).The present study was conducted to obtain more information on the interactions between CO2 enrichment and plant water stress, both of which are known to affect carbohydrate concentrations in leaves (1,4,5,17,18). Specific objectives were to determine the long-term effects of CO2 enrichment on (a) CER and photosynthate partitioning and (b) SPS activity in leaves of nonstressed versus water-stressed plants. The study was conducted over a 2-week period when plants were in early podfill. The plants were grown in the field from emergence at ambient CO2 or with CO2 enrichment (300 ppm above ambient). The stressed plants had been subjected continuously to cycles ofstress, and measurements were conducted during two drying cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv 'Bragg') were planted on June 6, 1983 on an Appling-Cecil3 association soil.

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Response ofPlantago albicansleaves of environmental drought

Elhaak

1990

Feddes Repertorium

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Plantago albicans measurements of leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, increase in leaf area in young, fully expanded and old leaves in addition to leaf dry weights were carried out along two seasons. The first season was drier than the second. Correlation coefficients between these leaf measurements and plant leaf water content and climatic parameters indicated that drought not only decreased the plant leaf area and leaf dry weight but did also changes in the leaf morphology. Leaf width showed significantly negative correlation with climatic parameters. The produced leaves at the dry season were thin, longer and attained more hairs. They were also partially folded on the upper side. Leaf age decreased greatly but the activity of the apical bud and hence cell division was not affected with drought. Dry weight per unit leaf area increased also with drought.

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Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Cited by 134 publications

References 31 publications

Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Plants Grown in the Field at Different CO₂ Levels

Response ofPlantago albicansleaves of environmental drought

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Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Cited by 134 publications

References 31 publications

Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress

Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Plants Grown in the Field at Different CO2 Levels

Response ofPlantago albicansleaves of environmental drought

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Effects of Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Carbon Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Plants Grown in the Field at Different CO₂ Levels