Osmoregulation in zebrafish: ion transport mechanisms and functional regulation

Guh, Ying-Jey; Lin, Cheng Huang; Hwang, Pung‐Pung

doi:10.17179/excli2015-246

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(405 reference statements)

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“…In response to low salinity stress, marine fish must have developed specific adaptations and biological characteristics ( 9 ). Many studies have shown that gills are the main functional tissues in osmoregulation of marine fish, which can regulate the balance of osmotic pressure through the action of biological enzymes, regulation of hormones, utilization of ion transport channels, and systematic conduction of biological signals ( 10 ). Currently, studies are mainly focused on the effects of water salinity on tissues and organs, growth and development, physiological metabolism, and other aspects of fish ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Insight Into the Underlying Adaptive Strategies of Euryhaline Marine Fish to Low Salinity Environment: Through Cholesterol Nutrition to Regulate Physiological Responses

Bao

Shen

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Salinity is an important environmental factor that can affect the metabolism of aquatic organisms, while cholesterol can influence cellular membrane fluidity which are vital in adaption to salinity changes. Hence, a 4-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of water salinity (normal 23 psu and low 5 psu) and three dietary cholesterol levels (CH0.16, 0.16%, CH1.0, 1.0% and CH1.6, 1.6%) on osmoregulation, cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid composition, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis, oxidative stress (OS), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of the euryhaline fish black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). The results indicated that in low salinity, fish fed with the CH1.0 diet improved ion reabsorption and osmoregulation by increased Na+ concentration in serum as well as expression levels of osmoregulation-related gene expression levels in gills. Both dietary cholesterol level and water salinity significantly affected most cholesterol metabolic parameters in the serum and tissues, and the results showed that low salinity promoted cholesterol synthesis but inhibited cholesterol catabolism. Besides, in low salinity, hepatic expression levels of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes were upregulated by fed dietary cholesterol supplementation with contents of LC-PUFAs, including EPA and DHA being increased. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in low-salinity environment, whereas MDA content was decreased in fish fed with dietary CH1.0 by activating related antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression levels. A similar pattern was recorded for ERS, which stimulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb), triggering inflammation. Nevertheless, fish reared in low salinity and fed with dietary CH1.0 had markedly alleviated ERS and downregulated gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these findings demonstrate that cholesterol, as an important nutrient, plays vital roles in the process of adaptation to low salinity of A. schlegelii, and provides a new insight into underlying adaptive strategies of euryhaline marine fish reared in low salinity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Insight Into the Underlying Adaptive Strategies of Euryhaline Marine Fish to Low Salinity Environment: Through Cholesterol Nutrition to Regulate Physiological Responses

Bao

Shen

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…In addition, several hormones, among them prolactin and cortisol, have been shown to regulate ion transport through specific receptors. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Changes in Blood Osmolality During the Postembryonic Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2022

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The zebrafish Danio rerio is a teleost model species widely used in developmental genetics, biomedical studies, toxicology, and drug screening. Despite the interest of this species in research, little is known through indirect observations about its blood osmolality, which is a key parameter for diverse experiments. In this study, we directly measured blood osmolality using nano-osmometry at different stages of zebrafish postembryonic development. We found that blood osmolality is close to 240 mOsm·kg −1 in early larvae. It progressively increased to ∼270 mOsm·kg −1 during the larval development before reaching ∼300 mOsm·kg −1 after metamorphosis in juveniles and later in adults. These ontogenetic changes in blood osmolality illustrate the physiological changes in osmoregulation associated with postembryonic development, including metamorphosis. These values are of practical interest for adjusting the osmolality of fixatives and cell and tissue culture media for research using zebrafish as a model.

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“…The necessary salts are obtained only partly through food ( Bentley, 1998 ). It has become clear that the branchial epithelium is under the control of a variety of endocrine and paracrine factors that play a role in controlling its permeability and ionic transport ( Olson, 1997 ; Peter et al, 2000 , 2011 ; Evans et al, 2005 ; Peter and Peter, 2011 ; Guh et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the gills, Na + is secreted by the paracellular pathway involving Na + , K + -ATPase (NKA) through a junction between chloride cells and adjacent accessory cells and is regulated by environmental salinity ( McCormick, 1995 ; Marshall and Bryson, 1998 ; Marshall and Grosell, 2006 ; Hiroi and McCormick, 2012 ; Guh et al, 2015 ). NKA is the driving force for this process.…”

Section: Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In freshwater, the supply of ions is restricted and fish gain water osmotically and lose ions passively. For compensation, the fish take up ions from the water via gills with excretion of copious urine and with minimal drinking ( Verbost et al, 1994 ; Marshall and Grosell, 2006 ; Guh et al, 2015 ). Seawater fishes while facing osmotic water loss and passive influx of ions drink actively and secrete excess of Na + and Cl − ( Karnaky, 1998 ; Iwama et al, 2006 ; Islam et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide System as a Biomarker for Stress and Ease Response in Fish: Implication on Na+ Homeostasis During Hypoxia

2022

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The cellular and organismal response to stressor-driven stimuli evokes stress response in vertebrates including fishes. Fishes have evolved varied patterns of stress response, including ionosmotic stress response, due to their sensitivity to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Fishes that experience hypoxia, a detrimental stressor that imposes systemic and cellular stress response, can evoke disturbed ion homeostasis. In addition, like other vertebrates, fishes have also developed mechanisms to recover from the impact of stress by way of shifting stress response into ease response that could reduce the magnitude of stress response with the aid of certain neuroendocrine signals. Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a potent molecule that attenuates the impact of ionosmotic stress response in fish, particularly during hypoxia stress. Limited information is, however, available on this important aspect of ion transport physiology that contributes to the mechanistic understanding of survival during environmental challenges. The present review, thus, discusses the role of NO in Na+ homeostasis in fish particularly in stressed conditions. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are essential for the synthesis and availability of NO at the cellular level. The NOS/NO system, thus, appears as a unique molecular drive that performs both regulatory and integrative mechanisms of control within and across varied fish ionocytes. The activation of the inducible NOS (iNOS)/NO system during hypoxia stress and its action on the dynamics of Na+/K+-ATPase, an active Na+ transporter in fish ionocytes, reveal that the iNOS/NO system controls cellular and systemic Na+ transport in stressed fish. In addition, the higher sensitivity of iNOS to varied physical stressors in fishes and the ability of NO to lower the magnitude of ionosmotic stress in hypoxemic fish clearly put forth NO as an ease-promoting signal molecule in fishes. This further points to the signature role of the iNOS/NO system as a biomarker for stress and ease response in the cycle of adaptive response in fish.

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Osmoregulation in zebrafish: ion transport mechanisms and functional regulation

Cited by 73 publications

References 191 publications

A New Insight Into the Underlying Adaptive Strategies of Euryhaline Marine Fish to Low Salinity Environment: Through Cholesterol Nutrition to Regulate Physiological Responses

A New Insight Into the Underlying Adaptive Strategies of Euryhaline Marine Fish to Low Salinity Environment: Through Cholesterol Nutrition to Regulate Physiological Responses

Ontogenetic Changes in Blood Osmolality During the Postembryonic Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide System as a Biomarker for Stress and Ease Response in Fish: Implication on Na+ Homeostasis During Hypoxia

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