Osmotic effects in water absorption by polymers

Fedors, R. F.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(80)90062-2

Cited by 85 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…( 2 ) as follows: (3) This can be used to obtain the diffusion coefficient D , with a systematic error of less than 1% when M t / M, < 0.6. Table I.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water absorption and disc cracking in urethane–methacrylate resins

Bucknall

Zhang

Orton

et al. 1994

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISWater absorption at 23 and 100°C has been studied in three materials based on a single type of urethane-methacrylate resin: the neat resin, a rubber-toughened blend containing 15 wt % of core-shell modifier, and a filled rubber-toughened resin containing 46 wt % silica plus 8 wt % core-shell modifier. In all six absorption experiments, water diffusion followed Fick's law. However, in neat resin at 1OO"C, the period of Fickian diffusion, during which the material appeared to reach saturation, was followed by an additional period of water uptake, which was accompanied by formation of internal disc cracks up to 1 mm in diameter. At both 23 and 100°C, fracture of water-saturated neat resin was defect dominated cracks were initiated at inorganic impurities between 40 and 80 pm in diameter. The adverse effects of water are attributed to hydration and consequent swelling of these insoluble impurities. No internal cracking was detected in either the rubber-modified or hybrid resin, which have higher a KIcs than the neat resin.

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“…( 2 ) as follows: (3) This can be used to obtain the diffusion coefficient D , with a systematic error of less than 1% when M t / M, < 0.6. Table I.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water absorption and disc cracking in urethane–methacrylate resins

Bucknall

Zhang

Orton

et al. 1994

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It may take only a few hours to reach such an equilibrium. When exposed to high humidity, absorbed water is believed to dissolve hydrophilic species and to form discrete droplets of solutions (28). This induces an osmotic pressure gradient between the droplet solution and the external solution in which the elastomer is immersed.…”

Section: Moisture Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture effects on isobutylene‐isoprene copolymer‐based composite barrier. I: Moisture diffusion and detection

Lee

Yang

Wilusz

1996

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Expwiments have assessed how moisture and heat influence the functional and structural integrity of butyl rubber matrix composites used as protective barriers. This paper, which is first of a series, reports the findings on the subjects of moisture diffusion and its effect on ultrasonic wave propagation of composite barriers. On exposure to high humidity at elevated temperatures, carbon black-reinforced butyl rubber composite barriers were found to absorb substantial moisture, with the hygroscopic reinforcement phase making a more significant contribution than the matrix. The moisture diffusion coefficients for both composite and unreinforced vulcanizate were close to each other at each exposure temperature, and had the same temperature dependence. The calculated activation energies of moisture diffusion indicate that the moisture absorption rate of the carbon black phase is governed by the moisture diffusion rate of the matrix. Ultrasonic wave speed appeared to be a viable means of monitoring the moisture absorption of composite barriers. On exposure to moist heat, relative ultrasonic wave speeds for both composite and unreinforced vulcanizate decreased continuously.

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“…Penetration is snail-like: five days to half swell a 70/-lm film [48]. Salts or sugars in the water (1-5 %) completely suppress swelling [48] (osmotically [49]) so cleaning solutions may not swell either.…”

Section: Swelling Of Medium By Aqueous Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Physical Model of the Cleaning of Oil Paint

Michalski

1990

Studies in Conservation

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Osmotic effects in water absorption by polymers

Cited by 85 publications

References 5 publications

Water absorption and disc cracking in urethane–methacrylate resins

Water absorption and disc cracking in urethane–methacrylate resins

Moisture effects on isobutylene‐isoprene copolymer‐based composite barrier. I: Moisture diffusion and detection

A Physical Model of the Cleaning of Oil Paint

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