Osmotic Release Oral System-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) versus atomoxetine on executive function improvement and clinical effectiveness in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial

Torun, Yasemin Taş; Taner, Yasemen; Güney, Esra; İşeri, Elvan

doi:10.1080/21622965.2020.1796667

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The diagnosis of ADHD remains difficult because there is no laboratory, imaging or psychological test specific for ADHD, the range of disorders in the differential diagnosis is wide, frequently co-occurs with other diagnoses in clinical samples and association with other disorders can be observed at a rate of 40% to 80% (Reale et al, 2017). However, neuropsychological testing, teacher forms and scales, parent scales, and multiple sources of information are commonly used as auxiliary elements in the diagnosis of ADHD to monitor response to treatment, measure symptom severity, determine level of mental development, and academic problems (Taş Torun et al, 2020). Many studies have observed to define the diagnosis of ADHD and its subgroups using statistical methods, especially according to the DSM (Murray et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Processing Speed (Gs) related to Hyperactivity (As a Narrow Cognitive Area of Gps): A Dimensional Approach to Heterogeneity of Clinical and WISC-IV Cognitive Profiles in ADHD From RDoC/HiTOP Perspective

et al. 2022

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between symptomatology and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) cognitive profiles in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), taking into account clinical heterogeneity. Method: The WISC-IV was administered to 60 children aged 6 to 13 years with ADHD who had not previously taken psychotropic medication. Conners Teacher-Rating Scale (CTRS-R/L) and Conners Parent-Rating Scale (CPRS-R/L) were completed by parents and teachers. Results: We found a statistically significant positive correlation between the symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and PSI (Processing Speed Index). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the CTRS-R/L’s DSM-IV Inattentive subscale and PRI (Perceptual Reasoning Index). No relationship was found between the inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity symptomatology with Working Memory Index (WMI). WMI stood out as the most frequently reported weakness among the four index scores. Conclusion: Considering the relationship between the cognitive domains of RDoC (Research Domain Criteria) and dimensions of HiTOP with the ADHD symptom clusters, the assessment of cognitive and behavioral symptoms may be useful for phenotyping ADHD. According to the CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) theory; the positive correlation level between PSI, which is accepted as Gs, and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in people with ADHD may be due to the fact that hyperactivity is one of the narrow cognitive domains of Gps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Processing Speed (Gs) related to Hyperactivity (As a Narrow Cognitive Area of Gps): A Dimensional Approach to Heterogeneity of Clinical and WISC-IV Cognitive Profiles in ADHD From RDoC/HiTOP Perspective

et al. 2022

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“…Lastly, the systematic and meta-analytic literature on the effects of methylphenidate on cognitive flexibility in children and adolescents with ADHD is rather sparse. This is rather puzzling since good quality studies that point towards methylphenidate's overall efficacy on cognitive flexibility (whether pertaining to set-shifting/switching or reversal of learned rules) exist on the subject (to name a few: Hadar et al, 2020;Idema et al, 2021;Miklós et al, 2019;Taş Torun et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2021). for instance, in a recent randomized controlled study that compared the efficacy of OROS methylphenidate and atomoxetine on EF in 95 children and adolescents with ADHD, OROS methylphenidate significantly improved EFs (cognitive flexibility among them) that were rated by teachers (Z = -2.68, p = 0.007) and parents (Z = -4.01, p < 0.001; Taş Torun et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing therapeutic response to methylphenidate among children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Narrative Review of its effects on emotional regulation, executive functions, and quality of life

Saveliev¹,

Shahar²

2022

Preprint

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a relatively common neurodevelopmental disorder that is often accompanied, in addition to its core symptoms, by a myriad of impairments in at least some emotion regulation (ER) and executive function (EF) abilities that together translate to quality of life (QoL) impairments. Stimulants and methylphenidate in particular, have been shown to alleviate both core ADHD symptoms and some of these accompanying impairments. The objective of this review is to highlight some of the recent systematic and meta-analytic literature that discusses methylphenidate’s therapeutic effects on ADHD symptoms, ER and EF as well as its impact on the QoL of children and adolescents with ADHD. Methylphenidate’s effects have shown to be significant in terms of symptom reduction (e.g, Standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.78), ER (e.g., Cohen’s d = 0.84) and QoL (e.g., SMD = 0.61) improvement with effect sizes ranging from medium to large while its effects on EFs were relatively modest (e.g., SMD = 0.21-0.62) with effect sizes ranging from small to medium. Specifically, working memory updating showing a low effect size (e.g., SMD = 0.26), inhibitory control ranging from low to moderate with the majority showing a low effect size (e.g., SMD = 0.29), and cognitive flexibility with a moderate effect size (e.g., SMD = 0.62). In addition, Methylphenidate has shown to be less likely to be discontinued due to inefficacy, displaying good acceptability, and without significant concerns of discontinuation due to intolerability when compared to placebo. In conclusion, Methylphenidate has been shown to reduce core symptoms, improve ER, EFs, and QoL to varying degrees with conceptual and methodological issues tapering off effects as well as conclusions.

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“…While each of these NDDS has some unique behavioral features, they can also share behavioral impairments, such as alterations in social functioning, impulsivity, and executive function deficits [29,[334][335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349]. Cognitive/executive function deficits are also common in NDGDS (AD [350,351], PD [352,353], MS [354][355][356][357], ALS [358][359][360][361][362]), as are alterations in social behaviors [363][364][365] and manifestations of impulsive-like behaviors [366][367][368][369][370].…”

Section: Shared Features Of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodeg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution-Related Brain Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Potential Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020

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Increasing evidence links air pollution (AP) exposure to effects on the central nervous system structure and function. Particulate matter AP, especially the ultrafine (nanoparticle) components, can carry numerous metal and trace element contaminants that can reach the brain in utero and after birth. Excess brain exposure to either essential or non-essential elements can result in brain dyshomeostasis, which has been implicated in both neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs; autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDGDs; Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This review summarizes the current understanding of the extent to which the inhalational or intranasal instillation of metals reproduces in vivo the shared features of NDDs and NDGDs, including enlarged lateral ventricles, alterations in myelination, glutamatergic dysfunction, neuronal cell death, inflammation, microglial activation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered social behaviors, cognitive dysfunction, and impulsivity. Although evidence is limited to date, neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are reproduced by numerous metals. Understanding the specific contribution of metals/trace elements to this neurotoxicity can guide the development of more realistic animal exposure models of human AP exposure and consequently lead to a more meaningful approach to mechanistic studies, potential intervention strategies, and regulatory requirements.

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Osmotic Release Oral System-Methylphenidate Hydrochloride (OROS-MPH) versus atomoxetine on executive function improvement and clinical effectiveness in ADHD: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Is Processing Speed (Gs) related to Hyperactivity (As a Narrow Cognitive Area of Gps): A Dimensional Approach to Heterogeneity of Clinical and WISC-IV Cognitive Profiles in ADHD From RDoC/HiTOP Perspective

Is Processing Speed (Gs) related to Hyperactivity (As a Narrow Cognitive Area of Gps): A Dimensional Approach to Heterogeneity of Clinical and WISC-IV Cognitive Profiles in ADHD From RDoC/HiTOP Perspective

Assessing therapeutic response to methylphenidate among children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Narrative Review of its effects on emotional regulation, executive functions, and quality of life

Air Pollution-Related Brain Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Potential Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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