Ossifying fibroma as a cause of blindness in a 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding

Madrigal, Rodolfo; Friedemann, Molly C.; Vallone, J. M.; Ruoff, Catherine M.; Vallone, Lucien V.; Laughrey, T.; Rech, Raquel R.; Coleman, Michelle

doi:10.1111/eve.12944

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…7,8 Horses may present with chronic nasal discharge, facial deformity, respiratory distress, 6,12 and rarely blindness. 13 In this current case, the dog had chronic left-sided nasal discharge. It also had incidental mild left-sided masticatory muscle atrophy, with no evidence of trigeminal nerve pathology on CT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Computed tomographic characteristics of frontal sinus ossifying fibroma in a dog

Birckhead,

Carstens,

Geiss

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A 10‐year‐old female spayed Kelpie cross was presented to The Austin Vet Specialists for further investigation of a mineralized, lobulated frontal sinus mass that had previously been detected radiographically. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, expansile, well‐defined, heterogeneously mineral attenuating mass invading both frontal sinuses. The mass was surgically debulked via a frontal sinusotomy approach. Histopathology was consistent with ossifying fibroma. This is the first published report to describe frontal sinus ossifying fibroma in a dog, and the second to describe CT features of ossifying fibroma involving the cranium in a dog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Computed tomographic characteristics of frontal sinus ossifying fibroma in a dog

Birckhead,

Carstens,

Geiss

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…A case similar to that of a 21-year-old horse in which a pars intermedia adenoma compressed vision-related neural structures and caused central blindness [26]. Central blindness was described as associated with optic tract compression in an equine by virtue of an ossifying fibroma located at the base of the skull that advanced to the sinuses and asymmetrically compressed the optic nerves, rostral to the optic chiasm [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case reported, a marked demyelination in the optic tract and neuronal death in the lateral geniculate nucleus were found, which explains the clinical presentation of blindness. Upon finding an increased pituitary or other increased masses in the brain, compression of adjacent structures should be investigated [3,23,26]. Blindness is rarely associated with pituitary tumors in equine, although it is commonly reported in humans with pituitary neoplasia [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential diagnoses of blindness in equine should be considered, such as compressive masses caused by lymphosarcoma [11,20] or other neoplasms [3], cholesterol granulomas [25], rabies [14], leukoencephalomalacia [4,19], trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma evansi infection [17,18], equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy type 1 [14], equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis [2], West Nile virus infection [22], infestation of Halicephalobus gingivalis [1], brain abscess [15], lesions due to ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated foods [19], medication [24] or trauma [16]. The absence of inflammatory lesions in the optic nerve and the brain areas of the visual pathway of the equine presented in this report was an important morphological finding to rule out the other causes of blindness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

Daoualibi

Rocha

Brito

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma is a benign adenohypophysis neoplasm, rare in Brazil, which may compress adjacent structures and lead to dysfunctions of the endocrine organs. The most affected species are equines, particularly aged animals. This neoplastic disease is often associated with Cushing's syndrome, when the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is affected. However, this neoplasm is seldom associated with clinical blindness. This paper describes a case of pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma which caused blindness in a mare.Case: An emaciated, blind mare that had difficulty finding water and food was referred to “Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais” of “Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro”, in Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and later to the “Setor de Anatomia Patológica” (SAP/UFRRJ) for necropsy. During necropsy it was found that the animal’s pituitary gland consisted of a circumscribed globous mass measuring 3.5x2.5x2.5 cm, symmetrical and well delimited at the sella turcica. Several organs were collected, fixed in 10% formalin and then processed for histological examination. The brain was subjected to serial cleavage along the path of the vision organs. All collected tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the pituitary was stained with Schiff Periodic Acid (PAS) to differentiate neoplastic cells and with Luxol Fast Blue to evidence demyelination. Histopathology found that the pars intermedia (PI) was thickened and compressed the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. Cells were arranged in a disorganized manner or formed follicles or cysts containing eosinophilic material (colloid), with granules strongly positive after staining with PAS. Proliferated cells were large, polyhedral to ovoid, and contained clear basophilic granular material. The nuclei were spherical to ovoid and there were light anisocytosis and anisocariasis. Cysts were frequently found in the pars intermedia (PI) and occasionally in the pars distalis. Mitoses were rare, less than one per field of greatest increase. In some areas of the pars intermedia (PI), cells were arranged in a solid manner forming spherical sub-nodules. An orange yellow pigment was observed in the pericary (lipofuscinosis) in various neurons of several areas of the central nervous system and of the trigeminal ganglion. In the optic tract, there were areas with moderate demyelination, evidenced by Luxol Fast Blue staining, and macrophages characterizing the so-called digestion chambers. In the right and left lateral geniculate nuclei a focal area of neurons with pyknotic and peripheral nuclei, marginal Nissl substance (central chromatolysis) and atypical and reactive astrocytes was observed, with increased volume, evident cytoplasm and nuclei with marginated chromatin which was sometimes reniform.Discussion: This paper presents the pathological findings obtained from a mare with central blindness due to pituitary pars intermedia adenoma. The analysis of the structures affected and correlation of alterations with the respective clinical signs are compared with alterations in other areas of the pituitary which generate clinical signals not observed in this mare, but which occur more often in equines with tumors in that organ. Thus, central and bilateral blindness was associated with compression of the optical tracts by the neoplastic mass and consequent death of neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Pituitary PI adenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for blindness.

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“…Although the cause of OF is unknown, several hypotheses have been suggested, including developmental disorders that may affect ossification at a young age as well as trauma [ 15 ]. Other reports have described OF in horse maxilla [ 16 ], paranasal and sphenopalatine sinuses [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], proximal tibia [ 20 ], and the fourth metacarpal bone [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse

Turek

Górski

Drewnowska

et al. 2021

Animals

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A 2-year-old mare of an unknown breed was referred to the clinic due to undetermined breathing difficulties. Physical examination revealed painless swelling rostral to the nasoincisive notch and a large, firm mass protruding from the left nostril. Radiographic examination of the head revealed a mass occupying the left nasal cavity and a displaced and hypoplastic last premolar of the left maxilla. The CT scan showed a well-demarcated heterogeneous mass measuring 22 × 9 × 5 cm (length × height × width) in the left nasal cavity attached to the roots of the displaced tooth and conchae. The surgery was performed on the standing horse. Firstly, due to the oblique position of the displaced tooth, the extraction was performed extra-orally through the trephination and repulsion of the maxillary bone. In the next step, a direct surgical approach was chosen for the caudal part of the mass via the osteotomy of the left nasal bone. The mass was bluntly separated from the conchae and removed through the nostril using Fergusson forceps. The histopathological characteristics of the mass led to the diagnosis of ossifying fibroma. The horse recovered completely in seven months, without recurrence after two years.

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Ossifying fibroma as a cause of blindness in a 5‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Computed tomographic characteristics of frontal sinus ossifying fibroma in a dog

Computed tomographic characteristics of frontal sinus ossifying fibroma in a dog

Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

Ossifying Fibroma in the Nasal Cavity of a 2-Year-Old Horse

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