Osteoanabolic therapy: a non-surgical option of treatment for Kümmell’s disease?

Abstract

Kümmell's disease is the current eponym of avascular osteonecrosis (AVN) of a vertebral body leading to a delayed non-healing vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and thus pseudo-arthrosis. AVN is characterized by production of gas that outlines a radiolucent zone in the vertebral body, called vacuum cleft sign (VCS) or "Kümmell's sign". This sign has been observed in up to one-third of VCFs and is often associated with osteoporosis and never with malignant or inflammatory diseases. Generally, treatment strategies are conservative management and percutaneous vertebroplasty. Teriparatide (rhPTH [1-34]) is an osteoanabolic agent approved for treatment of osteoporosis and helpful in fracture's healing too. Here, we describe the case of an 81-year-old osteoporotic woman presented with a 1-year history of persistent low back pain onset after a trauma. A lumbar spine Computer Tomography (CT) scan performed 2 months after the injury (November 2006) showed the VCS within a VCF of the first lumbar vertebra; a control CT scan 1 year later showed persistence of the finding. After 12 months of treatment with teriparatide 20 mcg/day, symptoms disappeared and vacuum was significantly reduced. In conclusion, Kümmell's disease may be hypothesized in patients with chronic spinal symptoms, especially in the presence of osteoporosis. Moreover in this condition, osteoanabolic treatment may be used in patients with Kümmell's disease to enhance vertebral fracture's healing and contribute to back pain relief.

A case of posterior element fracture in Kummell's disease

“…The complete filling of clefts or cavities with bone cement may relieve incapacitating pain and improve kyphosis caused by delayed collapse. Osteoanabolic therapy is also recommended as a nonoperative treatment option for Kümmell's disease [14]. In the case described here, the patient exhibited a three-column injury and kyphotic changes caused by posttraumatic vertebral collapse, although he was neurologically intact.…”

Kummell's disease: Literature update and challenges ahead

“…Fabbriciani et al 18 also advocated the probability of the disease in patients with chronic spinal symptoms, especially with osteoporosis. This coupled with the increasing trend of osteoporosis, especially in developing countries 3 is bound to increase the incidence of KD.…”

Kümmell’s Disease: Clarifying the Mechanisms and Patients’ Inclusion Criteria

“…The third stage (latent interval) of relative well-being precedes the onset of progressive disability and usually lasts weeks or months, whereon the patient is not incapacitated. In the different clinical reports of KD, this period varies between 4 weeks and 1 year [2, 3, 5, 9-18]. However, in three cases no asymptomatic interval was observed [10, 14, 18].…”

“…In the different clinical reports of KD, this period varies between 4 weeks and 1 year [2, 3, 5, 9-18]. However, in three cases no asymptomatic interval was observed [10, 14, 18]. In the fourth stage (the recrudescent stage) , the patient complains for persistent, localized pain, which progressively tends to become more peripheral with root pain.…”